ITS Vocabulary
type: Ontology
description: A vocabulary defined for Intelligent Transport Systems and documented as a formal ontology. The contents of this vocabulary are periodically standardized in ISO 14812, whereas this file is maintained through a [GitHub project](https://github.com/ISO-TC204/iso14812). The original version of the vocabulary was published as [ISO/TS 14812:2022](https://www.iso.org/standard/79779.html). [Edition 2](https://www.iso.org/standard/85041.html) was released in 2025. With edition 3, the draft standard is now generated from this ontology file, originally developed in 2026.
preferred namespace prefix: itsVocab
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
attribution name: ISO 14812
creator: Kenneth Vaughn
issued: 2026-01-05
modified: 2026-01-05
version info: 1.1.1
comment: 1.0.0 - 2022: Published as ISO/TS 14812:2022. 1.1.0 - 2025: Updated to reflect ISO/TS 14812:2025 (Edition 2). 1.1.1 - 2026: Converted to formal ontology. Note: Version numbers follow semantic versioning principles (major.minor.patch). This is different than ISO standard edition numbers, which are sequential.
version IRI: https://w3id.org/itsVocab/1.1.1/

clause
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: This property is used to identify the clause number of a concept within the document.
range: string

alternative preferred label
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: This property is used to identify an alternative preferred label for a concept.
range: string

accepted by
type: ObjectProperty

accessed by
type: ObjectProperty

annotated outline for
type: ObjectProperty

area above
type: ObjectProperty

based on
type: ObjectProperty

can be
type: ObjectProperty

can control
type: ObjectProperty

changes property of
type: ObjectProperty

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty

contained in
type: ObjectProperty

contents of
type: ObjectProperty

conventions, principles, and practices for
type: ObjectProperty

DDT controlled by
type: ObjectProperty

defines how to provide
type: ObjectProperty

described by
type: ObjectProperty

designed for
type: ObjectProperty

designed to benefit
type: ObjectProperty

designed with expectation of
type: ObjectProperty

desire to transport
type: ObjectProperty

desired results of
type: ObjectProperty

element in
type: ObjectProperty

encoded reference for
type: ObjectProperty

ends at
type: ObjectProperty

entry for
type: ObjectProperty

exit for
type: ObjectProperty

extent of
type: ObjectProperty

for a given
type: ObjectProperty

for designated
type: ObjectProperty

for movement of
type: ObjectProperty

fuel used by
type: ObjectProperty

globally unique identifier for
type: ObjectProperty

helps identify
type: ObjectProperty

identifier unique within region for
type: ObjectProperty

implementation of
type: ObjectProperty

in use or on board
type: ObjectProperty

installation of
type: ObjectProperty

instantiation of
type: ObjectProperty

is a
type: ObjectProperty

is in
type: ObjectProperty

is required to operate
type: ObjectProperty

limit of
type: ObjectProperty

load carried by
type: ObjectProperty

located within
type: ObjectProperty

max operating weight for
type: ObjectProperty

maximum sustained speed of
type: ObjectProperty

may be caused by
type: ObjectProperty

may be caused by a violation of
type: ObjectProperty

meeting or crossing
type: ObjectProperty

meets requirements of
type: ObjectProperty

observes property of
type: ObjectProperty

operates within a
type: ObjectProperty

operating mass of
type: ObjectProperty

operating mode of
type: ObjectProperty

performs all of
type: ObjectProperty

performs information processing for
type: ObjectProperty

performs part of
type: ObjectProperty

performs part or all of
type: ObjectProperty

process to develop
type: ObjectProperty

provides its own
type: ObjectProperty

rate of change of position of
type: ObjectProperty

ready to perform
type: ObjectProperty

realization of
type: ObjectProperty

reference used by
type: ObjectProperty

represented by
type: ObjectProperty

requires processing within
type: ObjectProperty

resides in
type: ObjectProperty

rules defined by
type: ObjectProperty

sent from
type: ObjectProperty

sent to
type: ObjectProperty

situated in
type: ObjectProperty

specification of
type: ObjectProperty

starts at
type: ObjectProperty

stored in
type: ObjectProperty

system of
type: ObjectProperty

timing and location of remuneration to
type: ObjectProperty

to board or alight from
type: ObjectProperty

travelling in
type: ObjectProperty

entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.1
definition: concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or can possibly exist, including associations among these things
example: Person (3.1.1.6), object, event, idea, process, etc.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

immaterial entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.2
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that does not occupy three-dimensional space
example: Idea, process, organization, etc.
subclass of: entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

material entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.3
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that occupies three-dimensional space
note: All material entities have certain characteristics that can be described and therefore this concept is important for ontology purposes.
subclass of: entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

non-biological entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.4
definition: material entity (3.1.1.3) that is not and has never been a living organism
subclass of: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

biological entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.5
definition: material entity (3.1.1.3) that was or is a living organism
subclass of: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

person
type: Class
clause: 3.1.1.6
definition: biological entity (3.1.1.5) that is a human being
subclass of: biological entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

system
type: Class
clause: 3.1.2.1
definition: combination of interacting elements (3.1.3.10) organized to achieve one or more stated purposes
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, 4.1.46, modified - Notes to entry removed.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: situated in
  some values from: environment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exhibits
  some values from: architecture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designed for
  some values from: user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport system
type: Class
clause: 3.1.2.2
definition: system (3.1.2.1) of infrastructure elements (3.1.3.10) and optionally vehicles (3.7.1.1) that are jointly designed to move material entities (3.1.1.3) from an origin to a destination
note: Transport systems can also include any supporting system, such as information and control systems.
subclass of: system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

surface transport system
type: Class
clause: 3.1.2.3
alternative label: transport system
definition: transport system (3.1.2.2) designed to move material entities (3.1.1.3) across the surface or near-surface of the Earth
note: A surface transport system can include tunnels, bridges and similar elements (3.1.3.10).
note: There is not complete agreement on the precise limitations of a "surface transport system" within the ITS community. Currently, the term is almost exclusively applied to ground-based travel of goods and people over significant distances. The term is viewed as including ferry systems, which often form an integral part of a local surface transport system; it is less clear if it includes long-distance sea-fairing ships. The term "surface transport systems" is also generally limited to transport systems that cover a considerable distance (e.g. factory conveyance technologies are not often referred to as "surface transport systems"). It has been suggested that air travel, which is arguably a transport system designed to move physical entities between points on the surface of the earth, ought to be included in the scope of the term, but this perspective is not universally accepted. It is expected that the exact limitations of the term will be further refined as ITS matures.
note: Due to the defined scope of ITS, the term "transport system" is intended to be interpreted as being synonymous with the term "surface transport system" unless explicitly specified otherwise.
subclass of: transport system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

intelligent transport system
type: Class
clause: 3.1.2.4
alt pref label: ITS
alternative label: intelligent transportation system
definition: system (3.1.2.1) comprised of information, communication, sensor and control technologies and that is designed to benefit a surface transport system (3.1.2.3)
note: "Intelligent transportation system" is the American English equivalent.
note: Benefits potentially include, but are not limited to, increased safety, sustainability, efficiency and comfort.
note: The full term (i.e. "intelligent transport system") is often used when the noun is used as a subject, whereas the abbreviation (i.e. "ITS") is often used to modify another noun (e.g. "Intelligent transport systems provide ITS services.").
subclass of: system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designed to benefit
  some values from: surface transport system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

cooperative ITS
type: Class
clause: 3.1.2.5
alt pref label: C-ITS
definition: subset of ITS (3.1.2.4) where information is shared among ITS stations (3.2.7.3) in a manner that enables its use by multiple ITS services (3.5.3.1)
subclass of: intelligent transport system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.1
alt pref label: system architecture
definition: <system> fundamental concepts or properties of a system (3.1.2.1) in its environment (3.1.3.11) embodied in its elements (3.1.3.10), relationships (3.1.6.8) and in the principles of its design and evolution
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: element
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture description
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.2
definition: work product used to express an architecture (3.1.3.1)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.3
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: expresses
  some values from: architecture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifies
  some values from: system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifies
  some values from: stakeholder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifies
  some values from: concern
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: architecture view
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: architecture viewpoint
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture framework
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.3
definition: conventions, principles and practices for the description of architectures (3.1.3.1) established within a specific domain of application and/or community of stakeholders (3.1.3.4)
example: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodologies (GERAM) [ISO 15704] is an architecture framework.
example: Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) [ISO/IEC 10746] is an architecture framework.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.4
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: conventions, principles, and practices for
  some values from: architecture description
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

stakeholder
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.4
alt pref label: system stakeholder
definition: <system> individual, team, organization, or classes (3.1.12.2) thereof, having an interest in a system (3.1.2.1)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.10
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: concern
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

concern
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.5
alt pref label: system concern
definition: <system> interest in a system (3.1.2.1) relevant to one or more of its stakeholders (3.1.3.4)
note: A concern pertains to any influence on a system in its environment (3.1.3.11), including developmental, technological, business, operational, organizational, political, economic, legal, regulatory, ecological and social influences.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.7
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture viewpoint
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.6
definition: work product establishing the conventions for the construction, interpretation and use of architecture views (3.1.3.7) to frame specific system concerns (3.1.3.5)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.6
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: model kind
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: frames
  some values from: concern
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: architecture view
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture view
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.7
definition: work product expressing the architecture (3.1.3.1) of a system (3.1.2.1) from the perspective of specific system concerns (3.1.3.5)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.5
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: architecture model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

model kind
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.8
definition: conventions for a type of modelling
note: Examples of model kinds include data flow (3.1.7.1) diagrams, class (3.1.11.2) diagrams, Petri nets, balance sheets, organization charts and state transition models.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.9
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: architecture model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

architecture model
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.9
definition: work product representing one or more architecture views (3.1.3.7) and expressed in a format governed by a model kind (3.1.3.8)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

element
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.10
alt pref label: architecture element
definition: <architecture> component member of an architecture model (3.1.3.9) included in an architecture view (3.1.3.7)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

environment
type: Class
clause: 3.1.3.11
alt pref label: system environment
definition: <system> context determining the setting and circumstances of all influences upon a system (3.1.2.1)
note: The environment of a system includes developmental, technological, business, operational, organizational, political, economic, legal, regulatory, ecological and social influences.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.8
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

communications view
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.1
definition: architecture view (3.1.3.7) from the communications viewpoint (3.1.4.2)
note: Within ITS, the preferred model for describing the communications view is based on the ITS-S reference architecture (3.1.9.4).
subclass of: architecture view
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: based on
  some values from: ITS-S reference architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

communications viewpoint
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.2
definition: architecture viewpoint (3.1.3.6) used to frame concerns (3.1.3.5) related to all layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) stack and related management and security issues
subclass of: architecture viewpoint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: communications view
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

enterprise view
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.3
definition: architecture view (3.1.3.7) from the enterprise viewpoint (3.1.4.4)
subclass of: architecture view
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: enterprise object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: information flow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: interaction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: relationship
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

enterprise viewpoint
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.4
definition: architecture viewpoint (3.1.3.6) used to frame the policies, funding incentives, working arrangements and jurisdictional structure that support the technical layers of the architecture (3.1.3.1)
subclass of: architecture viewpoint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: enterprise view
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

functional view
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.5
definition: architecture view (3.1.3.7) from the functional viewpoint (3.1.4.6)
subclass of: architecture view
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: data flow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: process specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: terminator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

functional viewpoint
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.6
definition: architecture viewpoint (3.1.3.6) used to frame concerns (3.1.3.5) related to the definition of processes (3.1.7.2) that perform surface transport functions and data flows (3.1.7.1) shared between these processes
subclass of: architecture viewpoint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: functional view
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

physical view
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.7
definition: architecture view (3.1.3.7) from the physical viewpoint (3.1.4.8)
note: The term "deployment view" is sometimes used within the broader ICT community, but the term "physical view" is preferred to prevent confusion between the physical view of a reference architecture and any part of a deployment architecture (3.1.9.3).
subclass of: architecture view
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: physical object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: information transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: functional object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

physical viewpoint
type: Class
clause: 3.1.4.8
definition: architecture viewpoint (3.1.3.6) used to frame concerns (3.1.3.5) related to the assignment of functionality to physical objects (3.1.8.1) and the interfaces among these physical objects
subclass of: architecture viewpoint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: governs
  some values from: physical view
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

application entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.1
alt pref label: ITS-S application entity
hidden label: information layer
definition: part of the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) that is responsible for providing ITS-related functionality
note: Within the US, the National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) standards identify an "information layer" on top of the traditional OSI stack. However, the purpose of this layer includes both information configuration and functionality. The ITS-S reference architecture separates these two roles between the management entity (3.1.5.6) and the application entity.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

access layer
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.2
alternative label: link layer
alternative label: subnet layer
definition: communications layer that corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model
note: Within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the term "link layer" is used to describe the same functionality as the access layer.
note: Within the US, the NTCIP standards use the term "subnet layer" to describe the same functionality as the access layer.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

ITS-S access layer
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.3
definition: communications layer in the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) corresponding to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model for ITS communications
subclass of: access layer
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

transnet layer
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.4
alt pref label: ITS-S networking and transport layer
alt pref label: networking and transport layer
definition: communications layer in the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) corresponding to the network and transport layers of the OSI model
note: The full name of this layer is the networking and transport layer, but the term transnet layer provides a more concise name.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

facilities layer
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.5
alt pref label: ITS-S facilities layer
hidden label: application layer
definition: communications layer in the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) corresponding to the session, presentation and application layers of the OSI model
note: Within the US, the NTCIP standards call the facilities layer the "application layer". However, as this term is easily confused with both the OSI application layer and the application entity (3.1.5.1), the term should be avoided and qualified when used (e.g. OSI application layer).
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

management entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.6
alt pref label: ITS-S management entity
definition: part of the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) that is responsible for management and configuration of all layers and entities within the ITS-S
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

security entity
type: Class
clause: 3.1.5.7
alt pref label: ITS-S security entity
definition: part of the ITS station reference architecture (3.1.9.4) that is responsible for providing communication security and system (3.1.2.1) security
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 based on input from WG 16 and to align more closely with the other definitions within ISO 14812.

enterprise object
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.1
definition: element (3.1.3.10) within an enterprise view (3.1.4.3) that represents an organization or individual
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

resource
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.2
alt pref label: enterprise view resource
definition: <enterprise view> element (3.1.3.10) that represents an entity (3.1.1.1) that is managed, operated, referenced and/or used to develop and provide ITS (3.1.2.4)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

document
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.3
definition: uniquely identified unit of information for human use
example: A report, specification, manual or book, in printed or electronic form.
note: A document can be a single information item, or part of a larger information item.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289:2019, 3.1.10
subclass of: resource
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

interaction
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.4
alt pref label: enterprise view interaction
definition: <enterprise view> element (3.1.3.10) that represents coordination between two enterprise objects (3.1.6.1)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

formal coordination
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.5
alt pref label: enterprise view formal coordination
definition: <enterprise view> interaction (3.1.6.4) between two enterprise objects (3.1.6.1) governed by a documented agreement
example: A road operator can enter into formal agreement(s) with the owner of a road (3.3.5.1) and the owner(s) of the associated roadside (3.3.1.10) equipment.
subclass of: interaction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

informal coordination
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.6
alt pref label: enterprise view informal coordination
definition: <enterprise view> interaction (3.1.6.4) between two enterprise objects (3.1.6.1) governed by an understanding that is not documented in a formal agreement between the two parties
subclass of: interaction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

role
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.7
alt pref label: enterprise view role
definition: <enterprise view> element (3.1.3.10) that represents the specified responsibilities between an enterprise object (3.1.6.1) and another enterprise view (3.1.4.3) element
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022
clause: 3.1.12.3
definition: specified responsibilities
source: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.121

relationship
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.8
alt pref label: enterprise view relationship
definition: <enterprise view> element (3.1.3.10) that represents an association between two resources (3.1.6.2)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

include
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.9
alt pref label: enterprise view include
definition: <enterprise view> relationship (3.1.6.8) where one resource (3.1.6.2) contains another resource
example: Every ITS component includes one or more modules (3.1.8.7).
subclass of: relationship
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

extend
type: Class
clause: 3.1.6.10
alt pref label: enterprise view extend
definition: <enterprise view> relationship (3.1.6.8) where one resource (3.1.6.2) supplements another resource
example: A module (3.1.8.7) can extend the functionality of another module.
subclass of: relationship
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data flow
type: Class
clause: 3.1.7.1
definition: representation of data flowing between two processes (3.1.7.2) or between a process and a terminator (3.1.8.3)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

process
type: Class
clause: 3.1.7.2
alt pref label: functional view process
definition: <functional view> series of one or more functions (3.1.7.3) in support of an ITS service (3.5.3.1)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: function
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

function
type: Class
clause: 3.1.7.3
alt pref label: functional view function
definition: <functional view> series of actions or activities performed by a given object to achieve a goal
note: A function transforms inputs into outputs that may include the creation, modification, monitoring or destruction of elements (3.1.3.10).
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

process specification
type: Class
clause: 3.1.7.4
definition: document (3.1.6.3) that defines a lowest-level process (3.1.7.2)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

physical object
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.1
alt pref label: ITS physical object
definition: <physical view> abstraction of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that interacts with other abstract material entities in the provision of ITS services (3.5.3.1)
note: Physical objects are represented as elements (3.1.3.10) within the physical view (3.1.4.7) and perform a role. Physical objects can be implemented as cloud-based systems (3.1.2.1).
note: Within many ITS reference architectures (3.1.9.5), physical objects are placed into one of five categories: centre, support, field, vehicle or traveller (3.6.1.1).
subclass of: resource
subclass of: system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS component
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.2
definition: physical object (3.1.8.1) that has been assigned one or more functional objects (3.1.8.6) in the provision of one or more ITS services (3.5.3.1)
note: Physical objects are ITS components if they are an integral part of the system (3.1.2.1); otherwise they are terminators (3.1.8.3).
subclass of: physical object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: functional object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

terminator
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.3
alt pref label: ITS terminator
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that is external to the ITS service (3.5.3.1) implementation but with which the implementation communicates either to obtain inputs or to which it can send outputs
note: A terminator can exist within functional (3.1.4.5) and physical views (3.1.4.7).
subclass of: physical object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

information flow
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.4
definition: information that is exchanged between physical objects (3.1.8.1)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

information transfer
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.5
alternative label: information flow triple
definition: information flow (3.1.8.4) from a physical object (3.1.8.1) acting as an information provider and sent to another physical object acting as an information consumer
note: The term "information flow triple" is used extensively in the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT; see Reference [25]).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: sent from
  some values from: physical object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: sent to
  some values from: physical object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contents of
  some values from: information flow
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

functional object
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.6
alt pref label: ITS functional object
definition: set of related processes (3.1.7.2) that are performed by a physical object (3.1.8.1) to fulfil aspects of an ITS service (3.5.3.1)
example: A vehicle OBE can include a "vehicle basic safety" functional object.
note: The term "module" is used by the European FRAME architecture while the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT) uses the term "functional object".
subclass of: resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: groups
  some values from: process
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

module
type: Class
clause: 3.1.8.7
alt pref label: ITS module
definition: functional object (3.1.8.6) that can be replaced and has defined interfaces
subclass of: functional object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

reference architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.1
definition: architecture (3.1.3.1) that provides a template solution for planning (3.1.9.2) and deployment architectures (3.1.9.3)
note: Interface standards are based on a reference architecture, which should be explicitly described.
subclass of: architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

planning architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.2
alternative label: regional architecture
definition: architecture (3.1.3.1) that provides a long-term vision of system elements (3.1.3.10) that may be deployed and managed by different projects and/or entities (3.1.1.1) within a geographic area
note: Some countries use the term "regional architecture", but in International Standards, the term "regional" is avoided due to its multiple meanings.
subclass of: architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

deployment architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.3
definition: architecture (3.1.3.1) that provides a vision of a specific deployment of a system (3.1.2.1) within a geographic area
subclass of: architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S reference architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.4
definition: reference architecture (3.1.9.1) for handling communications within a physical object (3.1.8.1) as defined in ISO 21217
note: The ITS-S reference architecture provides a model for describing communication.
subclass of: reference architecture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: application entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: ITS-S access layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: transnet layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: facilities layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: management entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: security entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS reference architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.5
definition: reference architecture (3.1.9.1) for one or more ITS services (3.5.3.1)
note: An ITS architecture can be a reference, planning or deployment architecture (3.1.9.3).
note: The Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT; see Reference [25]) is an example of an ITS reference architecture.
subclass of: reference architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Updated Note 2 to entry in 2025 to reference a more modern architecture reference model.

ITS planning architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.6
definition: planning architecture (3.1.9.2) for one or more ITS services (3.5.3.1)
subclass of: planning architecture

ITS deployment architecture
type: Class
clause: 3.1.9.7
definition: deployment architecture (3.1.9.3) for one or more ITS services (3.5.3.1)
subclass of: deployment architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data concept
type: Class
clause: 3.1.10.1
definition: data element (3.1.11.1), class (3.1.11.2), value domain (3.1.11.3), data frame (3.1.11.4), message (3.1.11.5) or interface dialogue (3.1.11.6) defined, at a minimum, with an unambiguous identifier and a definition
note: In order to exchange a value corresponding to a data concept, more information than an identifier, a name and a definition can be needed. For a property, a data type is needed. Depending on the kind of property, other data elements such as unit of measure, and language, can be needed as well. The additional information can be given in the data dictionary (3.1.10.3), in a data specification that references the data concept or associated with the data themselves.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stored in
  some values from: data dictionary
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

meta-attribute
type: Class
clause: 3.1.10.2
definition: documenting characteristic of a data concept (3.1.10.1) that is stored in a data dictionary (3.1.10.3)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: data concept
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data dictionary
type: Class
clause: 3.1.10.3
definition: collection of data concepts (3.1.10.1) that allows lookup by entity (3.1.1.1) identifier
source: ISO 22745-2:2010, B.2.16, modified - "collection of data dictionary entries..." replaced with "collection of data concepts...".
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data concept registry
type: Class
clause: 3.1.10.4
definition: electronic data dictionary (3.1.10.3) that follows precise documented rules for the registration and management of stored data concepts (3.1.10.1)
note: The data concept registry contains meta-attributes (3.1.10.2) about data concepts in terms of their names and representational forms as well as the semantics associated with the data concepts. A data concept registry may contain metadata that assists information interchange and re-use, both from the perspective of human users and for machine-interpretation of data concepts.
note: A data concept registry typically includes advanced features for adding retrieving, and working with its contents.
subclass of: data dictionary
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data element
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.1
definition: unit of data that is considered in a given context to be indivisible and which includes an unambiguous representational form
note: This definition states that a data element is "indivisible" in a given context. This means it is possible for a data element considered indivisible in one context [e.g. location (3.4.1.1)] to be divisible in another context (e.g. latitude, longitude, and elevation).
subclass of: data concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: represented by
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: value domain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

class
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.2
alternative label: object class
definition: set of ideas, abstractions or things in the real world that are identified with explicit boundaries and meaning and whose properties and behaviour follow the same rules
note: Some ISO/TC 204 documents use the term "object class" for consistency with ISO 11179-1, but within ITS, the term "class" is more generally understood.
note: This is semantically equivalent to a "class" as used within UML (ISO19505-2:2012).
source: ISO/IEC 11179-1:2015, 3.3.18, modified - term changed to from "object class" to "class" and Notes to entry added.
subclass of: data concept
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

value domain
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.3
definition: a set of permissible values
subclass of: data concept
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

data frame
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.4
definition: specific grouping of data elements (3.1.11.1) that describes information of interest through a useful grouping of more atomic properties about one or more classes (3.1.11.2)
note: The grouping can be a set, sequence or a choice.
note: Note 2 entry: A data frame can contain other data frames.
subclass of: data concept
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

message
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.5
definition: grouping of data elements (3.1.11.1), data frames (3.1.11.4), or data elements and data frames that is used to convey information
subclass of: data concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: data frame
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: data element
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

interface dialogue
type: Class
clause: 3.1.11.6
alternative label: dialog
alternative label: dialogue
definition: bi-directional communication sequence between two parties in accordance with predetermined protocols
note: The term "dialog" represents the American English spelling.
note: The term "dialogue" can be used when the interface context is known.
subclass of: data concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: message
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

use case
type: Class
clause: 3.1.12.1
definition: description of the behavioural requirements of a system (3.1.2.1) and its interaction (3.1.6.4) with a user (3.5.1.3)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 26515:2018, 3.15, modified - Note 1 to entry removed.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: scenario
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

scenario
type: Class
clause: 3.1.12.2
alt pref label: use case scenario
definition: <use case> description of the sequence of events from the user's (3.5.1.3) perspective to perform a task in a specified context
source: ISO/IEC 25062:2006, A.17
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

instant
type: Class
clause: 3.1.13.1
definition: 0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time
source: ISO 19108:2002, 4.1.17, modified - Note 1 to entry removed.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

duration
type: Class
clause: 3.1.13.2
definition: time between two instants (3.1.13.1)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: starts at
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: instant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ends at
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: instant
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

authentication
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.1
definition: verification that a message (3.1.11.5) was sent by the purported originator to the intended recipient and that the message was not changed in transit
source: ISO/IEC 2382:2015
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

authenticator
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.2
definition: a network entity that executes an authentication (3.1.14.1) process on a message (3.1.11.5)
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-21, adapted from
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

control
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.3
definition: measure that is modifying risk (3.1.14.12)
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.14
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

cryptography
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.4
definition: discipline that embodies the principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide their semantic content, prevent their unauthorized use, or prevent their undetected modification
source: ISO/IEC 22739:2018
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

data privacy
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.5
definition: rights and obligations of individuals and organizations with respect to the collection, use, retention, disclosure and disposal of personal information
source: ISO/IEC 17573-2:2018
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

digital signature
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.6
definition: data appended to a message, that allow the recipient of the message (3.1.11.5) to verify the source of the message
source: ISO/IEC 2382:2015
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

information security event
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.7
definition: occurrence indicating a possible breach of information security or failure of controls (3.1.14.3)
source: ISO/IEC 27035-1
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

information security incident
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.8
definition: related and identified information security event(s) (3.1.14.7) that can harm an organization's assets or compromise its operations
source: ISO/IEC 27035-1
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

non-repudiation
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.9
definition: ability to prove the occurrence of a claimed event or action and its originating entities
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.48
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

objective
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.10
definition: result to be achieved
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.49
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

resilience
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.11
definition: capability of a system to maintain its functions and structure in the face of internal and external change, and to degrade gracefully when this is necessary
source: ISO/IEC 23257:2019
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

risk
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.12
definition: effect of uncertainty on objectives (3.1.14.10)
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.61
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

threat
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.13
definition: potential cause of an unwanted incident, which can result in harm to a system or organization
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.75
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

transparency
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.14
definition: open, comprehensive and understandable presentation of information
source: ISO/IEC 19944-1
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

trustworthiness
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.15
definition: ability to meet stakeholders expectations in a verifiable way
source: ISO/IEC 5723
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vulnerability
type: Class
clause: 3.1.14.16
definition: weakness of an asset or control (3.1.14.3) that can be exploited by one or more threats (3.1.14.13)
source: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.77
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

design
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.1
definition: the process or the result of the process to define the architecture, system elements, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or system element
example: Example: Complete documentation for building a specific model of a smartphone
note: Design provides the detailed implementation-level physical structure, behaviour, temporal relationships, and other attributes of system elements. It is information including specification of system elements and their relationships, that is sufficiently complete to support a compliant implementation of the architecture,
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, definitions 1 and 2 merged, example added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

implementation
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.2
definition: the process or the result of the process of translating a design into hardware components, software components, or both
example: Example: The process of building a specific model of a smartphone or the resultant model of smartphone
note: An implementation is the conceptual set of all instances of a product resulting from the translation. The set of all instances can consist of a single instance.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, definitions 1 and 2 merged with example and note added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

instance
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.3
definition: discrete, bounded object with an intrinsic, immutable, and unique identity
example: Example: A specific smartphone (e.g., having a unique serial number)
note: An instance of an implementation can also be called a physical instantiation, in the case of a hardware component.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, definition 1, example and note added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

realization
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.4
definition: implementation of a system concept
note: A realization requires the development of a design and the translation of this design into hardware components, software components, or both.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, example added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

requirement
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.5
definition: provision that contains criteria to be fulfilled
example: Example: A measurable characteristic of a smartphone
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, example added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

requirements specification
type: Class
clause: 3.1.15.6
definition: document that specifies the requirements for a system or component
example: Example: Wi-Fi 7, 5G, Bluetooth 5.3
note: A device can conform to multiple requirements specifications, each with a different focus.
source: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, example and note added
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.1.1
alt pref label: ITS central system
definition: ITS component (3.1.8.2) that provides application, management, and/or administrative functions from a centralized location (3.4.1.1) [i.e. not at the roadside (3.3.1.10)]
subclass of: ITS component
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

field system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.1.2
alt pref label: ITS field system
alt pref label: roadside system
definition: infrastructure-based ITS component (3.1.8.2) located outside of a data centre that is designed to provide local processing or routing services while stationary
example: Traffic detector, camera, signal controller, message sign, tolling station.
note: Typically, field systems are located along the roadside (3.3.1.10).
note: Typically, the operation of a field system is governed by management functions running in a centre system.
note: Field systems can be permanently installed or transportable.
note: The term "roadside system" is typically used to describe field systems along a roadside but can also be used to refer to kiosks.
subclass of: ITS component
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

personal system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.1.3
alt pref label: ITS personal system
alt pref label: traveller system
definition: ITS component (3.1.8.2), other than a vehicle system (3.2.1.5), that is used by a person (3.1.1.6) in relation to a past, current or upcoming journey
subclass of: ITS component
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

support system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.1.4
alt pref label: ITS support system
definition: ITS component (3.1.8.2) that provides services in support of one or more other ITS components
example: Data distribution system (3.1.2.1), network time source, cooperative ITS (3.1.2.5) credentials management system.
subclass of: ITS component
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vehicle system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.1.5
alt pref label: ITS vehicle system
definition: ITS component (3.1.8.2) that is installed as a component of a vehicle (3.7.1.1)
subclass of: ITS component
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

emergency management central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.1
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that allows an entity (3.1.1.1) to manage and respond to crashes, events, disasters, evacuation orders and other incidents
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

fleet and freight management central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.2
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that allows a fleet or freight operator to manage and control its personnel, equipment and/or freight
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

maintenance and construction central management system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.3
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that allows an entity (3.1.1.1) to monitor and manage the construction and maintenance of road (3.3.5.1) infrastructure
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

payment administration central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.4
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that allows an entity (3.1.1.1) to manage financial transactions related to transportation, especially the electronic transfer of funds
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

public transport central management system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.5
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that allows an entity (3.1.1.1) to manage the activities of a public transport (3.5.6.1) agency
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

traffic management central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.6
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that monitors and controls traffic and the road network (3.3.5.2)
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

traffic regulation central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.7
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that officially records traffic regulations in electronic form so that they can be distributed to other systems
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport information central system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.2.8
definition: centre system (3.2.1.1) that provides information of interest to the travelling public
subclass of: central system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

field support equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.1
alt pref label: ITS field support equipment
definition: portable field system (3.2.1.2) used by field personnel to locally troubleshoot, initialize, reprogram and test infrastructure equipment
subclass of: field system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS roadside equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.2
alt pref label: ITS roadway equipment
definition: field system (3.2.1.2) that performs localized ITS services (3.5.3.1)
example: traffic signal controller, variable message sign, vehicle detection
note: ITS services that can be performed by ITS roadside equipment include surveillance, traffic control, information provision, payment transaction services, and/or enforcement
note: "ITS roadway equipment" is used within the current version of the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT; see Reference [25]). The term roadway (3.3.1.3) has been revised to reflect that the equipment is typically along the roadway rather than a part of the roadway.
note: While the term "roadside" indicates the typical location of the equipment, ITS roadside equipment (or portions thereof) can be embedded in the roadway itself.
subclass of: field system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Added Note 3 to entry in 2025.

connected vehicle roadside equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.3
alt pref label: CV-RSE
definition: ITS roadside equipment (3.2.3.2) that perform ITS services (3.5.3.1) by exchanging electronic messages (3.1.11.5) with nearby connected vehicles (3.2.3.7) and/or personal systems (3.2.1.3) via short-range wireless technologies
note: Connected roadside equipment typically provides ITS-related functionality but the term includes roadside equipment that only provide the ITS service of routing for short-range wireless technologies.
note: The term "connected vehicle roadside equipment" is used within the current version of the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT; see Reference [25]).
subclass of: ITS roadside equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: roadside unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 to 1. add "vehicle" to term (i.e., from connected roadside equipment to connected vehicle roadside equipment), 2. Replace "ITS connected roadside equipment" and "RSE" with "CV-RSE", and 3. change reference to "vehicle systems" to "connected vehicles".

roadside unit
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.4
alt pref label: ITS roadside unit
alt pref label: RSU
definition: part of connected roadside equipment (3.2.3.3) that provides wireless connectivity to vehicle systems (3.2.1.5) and/or personal systems (3.2.1.3)
subclass of: connected unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

connected unit
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.5
alt pref label: ITS connected unit
definition: electronic device that is connected (3.2.3.6) using one or more communication media
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is
  some values from: connected
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

connected
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.6
alt pref label: ITS connected
definition: characteristic of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that is equipped with enabled (i.e. on) and operational electronic communication technologies to support ITS services (3.5.3.1), including the means to send and receive data to and from other connected entities
note: The term "connected" does not imply support for any specific communications interface or ITS-S application process (3.2.9.2).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

connected vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.2.3.7
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) that is connected (3.2.3.6) using one or more communication media
subclass of: vehicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is
  some values from: connected
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

nomadic vehicle device
type: Class
clause: 3.2.4.1
alt pref label: carry-in vehicle device
alternative label: external in-vehicle device
definition: personal system (3.2.1.3) consisting of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and/or wireless modules (3.1.8.7) that are connected (3.2.3.6) to a vehicle (3.7.1.1) during a trip
subclass of: personal system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

personal information device
type: Class
clause: 3.2.4.2
alt pref label: ITS personal information device
definition: personal system (3.2.1.3) that enables personal access to traveller (3.6.1.1) information
example: Personal computer.
subclass of: personal system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

nomadic device
type: Class
clause: 3.2.4.3
alt pref label: ITS nomadic device
definition: personal information device (3.2.4.2) that is taken with and can be accessed by the traveller (3.6.1.1) during a journey
example: Smartphone.
subclass of: personal information device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: accessed by
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: traveller
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

public information device
type: Class
clause: 3.2.4.4
alt pref label: ITS public information device
definition: personal system (3.2.1.3) that provides public (3.5.8.2) access to traveller (3.6.1.1) information
example: Kiosk.
subclass of: personal system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

cooperative ITS credentials management system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.5.1
alt pref label: CCMS
definition: support system (3.2.1.4) that enables trusted communications among ITS components (3.1.8.2) and protects data from unauthorized access
subclass of: support system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

map provision system
type: Class
clause: 3.2.5.2
alt pref label: ITS map provision system
definition: support system (3.2.1.4) that provides map databases used to support ITS services (3.5.3.1)
subclass of: support system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS on-board equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.2.6.1
alt pref label: on-board equipment
alt pref label: OBE
alternative label: onboard equipment
definition: vehicle system (3.2.1.5) that provides all ITS functionality on-board the vehicle (3.7.1.1)
note: ITS on-board equipment relates to any functionality. When there is a need to distinguish between core functionality and that by a special vehicle, the term can be further refined by indicating the type of vehicle to which the on-board equipment relates. For example, emergency vehicle on-board equipment can provide specialized functionality.
note: The on-board equipment may also perform other functions.
subclass of: vehicle system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: ITS on-board unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS on-board unit
type: Class
clause: 3.2.6.2
alt pref label: on-board unit
alt pref label: OBU
alternative label: onboard unit
definition: part of on-board equipment (3.2.6.1) that provides wireless connectivity to other ITS components (3.1.8.2) external to the vehicle (3.7.1.1)
note: An OBU implementation can also include ITS functionality.
subclass of: connected unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

bounded secured managed domain
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.1
alt pref label: BSMD
definition: abstract entity (3.1.1.1) representing a managed processing and memory environment (3.1.3.11) that provides protection from code and data that has not been determined to meet established security requirements
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: represents
  some values from: environment
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS trust domain
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.2
definition: set of bounded secured managed domains (3.2.7.1) that meet a defined set of ITS industry security requirements
subclass of: bounded secured managed domain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS station
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.3
alt pref label: ITS-S
definition: bounded secured managed domain (3.2.7.1) that is able to meet requirements of the ITS trust domain (3.2.7.2) within which it is designed to participate
note: The ITS station reference architecture is defined in ISO 21217.
note: This complements the ISO 21217:2020 definition (which identifies the component parts) and is consistent with the text of ISO 21217:2020.
subclass of: bounded secured managed domain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: meets requirements of
  some values from: ITS trust domain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: described by
  some values from: ITS-S reference architecture
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022. Revised in 2025 to indicate the "design" and to add Note 2 to entry.

ITS-S unit
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.4
alt pref label: ITS station unit
alt pref label: ITS-SU
definition: instance (3.1.15.3) of an physical unit produced by an ITS station (3.2.7.3) implementation (3.1.15.2)
note: This is a clarification of the definition provided in ISO 21217:2020. While the definition for ITS station unit in ISO 21217:2020 refers to an implementation, the full text interchangeably describes it as an implementation or a physical instantiation, but does not define those terms explicitly.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: instantiation of
  some values from: ITS station
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: ITS-S communication unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022; revised in 2025. The original definition resulted in confusion as to whether it was intended to reference merely an implementation, which is an instance of a realization (e.g., something with a model number) or an instance of an implementation (e.g., something that would have a serial number). Added Note 1 to entry.

ITS-S communication unit
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.5
alt pref label: ITS station communication unit
alt pref label: ITS-SCU
definition: physical unit in an ITS-S unit (3.2.7.4) containing part or all of the functionality of the ITS-S (3.2.7.3)
note: In case an ITS-SU consists of a single physical unit, the ITS-SU and the ITS-SCU are identical. In case an ITS-SU consists of more than one ITS-SCU, then these ITS-SCUs are interconnected via the ITS station-internal network of the ITS-SU.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: functional object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022; revised in 2025. Added Note 1 to entry and revised to "the" ITS-S rather than "an" ITS-S.

ITS-S host
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.6
alt pref label: management host
definition: ITS-S node (3.2.7.8) comprised of ITS-S (3.2.7.3) functionalities other than the functionalities of an ITS-S router (3.2.7.7), ITS-S border router, ITS-S mobile router or an ITS-S gateway
note: ITS-S border router and ITS-S mobile router are ITS-S routers with added functionalities, which is why they are separately excluded in the above definition.
note: ITS-S border router, ITS-S mobile router, and ITS-S gateway are defined in ISO 21217.
subclass of: ITS-S node
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022 as functionality. Revised in ISO/TS 14812:2025 to be an ITS-S node.

ITS-S router
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.7
definition: ITS-S node (3.2.7.8) comprised of routing functionalities of an ITS station unit (3.2.7.4) used to connect two networks and to forward packets not explicitly addressed to itself
subclass of: ITS-S node
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022 as functionality. Revised in ISO/TS 14812:2025 to be an ITS-S node.

ITS-S node
type: Class
clause: 3.2.7.8
definition: node comprised of a set of functionalities in an ITS-S unit (3.2.7.4) that is connected (3.2.3.6) to the ITS station (3.2.7.3)-internal network or comprises an entire ITS-S unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contained in
  some values from: ITS-S unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: functionality
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS application
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.1
definition: requirements for an ITS service (3.5.3.1) that involves an association of two or more complementary ITS-S application processes (3.2.9.2)
note: An ITS application can also involve associations with nodes that are not ITS stations.
note: This is a clarification of the ISO 21217:2020 definition that described this as an instantiation.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: involves
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: ITS-S application process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realization of
  some values from: ITS service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

interoperability design
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.2
definition: characteristics necessary to fully define how various physical objects (3.1.8.1) interoperate to provide a service (3.5.1.1)
note: Characteristics often include but are not limited to functional, performance and interface requirements.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: defines how to provide
  some values from: service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: using
  some values from: physical object
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS application specification
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.3
definition: one or more documents (3.1.6.3) that detail the interoperability design (3.2.8.2) for an ITS application (3.2.8.1)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: details
  some values from: interoperability design
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: ITS application
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

application template
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.4
alt pref label: ITS application template
definition: defined annotated outline for an ITS application specification (3.2.8.3)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: annotated outline for
  some values from: ITS application specification
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS implementation
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.5
definition: integration of each physical object (3.1.8.1) necessary to implement one or more ITS applications (3.2.8.1)
note: An ITS application typically requires multiple components (e.g. an ITS-S acting as a user and another ITS-S acting as a provider). An ITS implementation includes a sample of each component necessary for the service but often does not represent a complete deployment.
note: An ITS implementation is typically used for a laboratory or other experimental environment (3.1.3.11) prior to a full-scale deployment.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: implements
  some values from: ITS application
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS deployment
type: Class
clause: 3.2.8.6
definition: installation capable of performing one or more ITS applications (3.2.8.1)
note: An ITS deployment typically refers to the support, central and roadside ITS stations coupled with a tacit acknowledgement of the mobile ITS stations that will communicate with the support, central or roadside ITS stations.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: installation of
  some values from: ITS implementation
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS application role
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.1
definition: ITS-S user need (3.5.4.4) expressed as a formal set of interoperability requirements that need to be fulfilled to satisfy a portion of functionality of an ITS application (3.2.8.1)
subclass of: its-sUserNeed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S application process
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.2
definition: information manipulation within an ITS station (3.2.7.3) for an ITS-SU service (3.5.4.1)
note: ITS-S application processes use ITS-S services to communicate with other nodes.
note: This clarifies the ISO 21217:2020 definition to remove ambiguity and a circular reference to "application".
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs information processing for
  some values from: ITS-S service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: element in
  some values from: ITS station
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S application
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.3
definition: ITS-S application process (3.2.9.2) residing in the application entity (3.1.5.1)
subclass of: ITS-S application process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resides in
  some values from: application entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S application implementation
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.4
definition: implementation of an ITS-S application process (3.2.9.2) within the application entity (3.1.5.1)
note: An implementation is typically associated with an implementation name, a version and release number.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: implementation of
  some values from: ITS-S application
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S application process installation
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.5
definition: installation of an implementation of an ITS-S application process (3.2.9.2) on an ITS station (3.2.7.3)
note: An implementation is typically associated with an implementation name, a version and release number.
note: An installation is typically associated with a specific licence code or serial number.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: installation of
  some values from: ITS-S application process
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S application installation
type: Class
clause: 3.2.9.6
definition: ITS-S application process installation (3.2.9.5) within the application entity (3.1.5.1)
subclass of: ITS-S application process installation
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

actuator
type: Class
clause: 3.2.10.1
definition: device (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.1187) with the capability to convert meaningful signals (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.3738) into changes to one or more properties (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.3207) of a material entity (3.1.1.3)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: changes property of
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

sensor
type: Class
clause: 3.2.10.2
definition: device (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.1187) with the capability of observing one or more properties (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.3207) of a material entity (3.1.1.3) and converting those properties into meaningful signals (ISO/IEC 24765:2017, 3.3738)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: observes property of
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

cross-section
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.1
definition: transverse view of road (3.3.5.1) geometry
example: Figure A.28.
note: The transverse view provides a vertical section of the ground and carriageway (3.3.1.5) at right angles to the centre line of the carriageway.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: road reservation
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road reservation
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.2
alt pref label: easement
definition: area legally reserved for road (3.3.5.1) transport purposes and support
note: Support includes physical equipment such as safety devices, signage and controller cabinets as well as access by maintenance vehicles and personnel.
note: The road reservation includes all carriageways (3.3.1.5) as well as width to allow for roadside (3.3.1.10) devices, shoulders (3.3.1.18), verges (3.3.1.11), footways (3.3.3.3), drainage facilities, sound walls, slopes, embankments, etc.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: roadside
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: lane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: roadway
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

roadway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.3
definition: part of the surface of the road reservation (3.3.1.2) primarily designed for the movement of vehicles (3.7.1.1) that conform to a specified set of requirements
note: A roadway is characterized using a cross-section (3.3.1.1) of a road facility as the roadway characteristics often change along the length of the road. See "road" (3.3.5.1), "road section" (3.3.5.7), "road segment" (3.3.5.8), and "road link" (3.3.5.6) for different types of stretches of roadway.
note: In practice, the roadway design considers a variety of issues, which can result in suboptimal road segments that violate normal design guidelines. Such locations (3.4.1.1) are typically posted with warning signs, but they are still designed for the movement of vehicles.
note: While the roadway is designed with certain vehicle characteristics in mind, local regulations typically allow a wider set of vehicles to use the roadway.
note: The roadway includes any contiguous hard shoulders (3.3.1.19), hardstanding (3.3.1.17) and reserved lanes (3.3.1.14).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: travelled way
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

driving space
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.4
definition: area above the roadway (3.3.1.3) that is primarily designed for the movement of vehicles (3.7.1.1)
note: In practice, the driving space design considers a variety of issues, which can result in suboptimal road (3.3.5.1) segments that violate normal design guidelines. Such locations (3.4.1.1) are typically posted with warning signs, but they are still designed for the movement of vehicles.
note: While the driving space is designed with certain vehicle characteristics in mind, local regulations typically allow a wider set of vehicles to use the driving space.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: area above
  some values from: roadway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for movement of
  some values from: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

carriageway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.5
definition: contiguous area of paved roadway (3.3.1.3) designed for the use of vehicles along a road segment (3.3.5.8)
note: A carriageway is comprised of one or more traffic lanes (3.3.1.13) [i.e. the usable width (3.3.1.15)] and could include shoulders (3.3.1.18) and lay-bys (3.3.1.16).
note: Carriageways are separated by physical traffic separators (3.3.2.1).
note: When looking at a cross-section (3.3.1.1) of the road reservation (3.3.1.2), the roadway consists of all of the carriageways.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: lay-by
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: hardstanding
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: hardshoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: usable width
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

travelled way
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.6
definition: part of the roadway (3.3.1.3) that is currently intended for transport purposes
note: The travelled way does not include hard shoulders (3.3.1.19), hardstanding (3.3.1.17), or other areas that are not currently intended for normal operational use. In other words, while these other areas are "designed" for transport purposes, they are not "intended" for normal transport purposes (at present); rather these extra areas exist for safety and other exceptional use conditions.
note: While the limits of the roadway are defined by the design of the physical infrastructure and are generally static; the limits of the travelled way can be dynamic, such as in the case of a hard shoulder for emergency use (3.3.4.1) being converted into hard shoulder running (3.3.4.2) operation.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

single carriageway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.7
definition: having exactly one carriageway (3.3.1.5)
note: The "single carriageway" term can be used to describe a road, road section, road link, or road segment.
note: A single carriageway road segment could have multiple lanes (3.3.1.12) and could allow travel in opposite directions
subclass of: roadway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: carriageway
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

dual carriageway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.8
definition: having exactly two carriageways (3.3.1.5)
note: The "dual carriageway" term can be used to describe a road, road section, road link, or road segment.
note: The two carriageways are typically designed for travel in opposite directions.
subclass of: roadway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: carriageway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: physical traffic separator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

multiple carriageway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.9
definition: having more than one carriageway (3.3.1.5)
note: The "multiple carriageway" term can be used to describe a road, road section, road link, or road segment.
note: The separate carriageways are typically designed for separate traffic for (often multiple) specific operational reasons, such as direction of travel, category of vehicle (e.g. high occupancy vehicle), local versus through travel, etc.
subclass of: roadway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  min qualified cardinality: 3
  on class: carriageway
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: physical traffic separator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

roadside
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.10
definition: portion of the road reservation (3.3.1.2) excluding all roadway (3.3.1.3) and driving space(s) (3.3.1.4)
note: Roadside, shoulder (3.3.1.18) and verge (3.3.1.11) define similar but slightly different concepts
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: verge
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

verge
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.11
definition: unpaved part of the roadside (3.3.1.10) designed for travel safety purposes
note: A verge can separate two lanes (3.3.1.12) of different modes, separate a traffic lane (3.3.1.13) from a ditch, or separate a lane from another safety hazard.
note: Roadside, shoulder (3.3.1.18) and verge define similar but slightly different concepts.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.12
alt pref label: generic lane
definition: <generic> portion of road reservation (3.3.1.2) intended to accommodate a single line of moving material entities (3.1.1.3) along its length
example: Traffic lane (3.3.1.13), cycle lane (3.3.3.1), sidewalk (3.3.3.4).
note: Lanes (3.3.1.12) are often bounded by lane markings.
note: Lanes may be significantly wider than the normal vehicle width to allow variance in lane position of the vehicle as well as for various vehicle dimensions.
note: The "lane" nomenclature typically refers to motor vehicle (3.7.6.3) usage, but can also refer to other purposes, such as sidewalks (3.3.3.4).
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

traffic lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.13
alt pref label: lane
definition: portion of carriageway (3.3.1.5) designed to accommodate a single line of moving road vehicles (3.7.6.1)
note: The term "lane" is often used to refer to a "traffic lane" when the context is known to be "traffic".
note: A traffic lane can be bi-directional, such as a single lane road (3.3.5.1), a two-way turn/overtaking lane, or a reversible flow lane.
note: Some jurisdictions allow supplemental uses of a traffic lane, such as multiple motorcycles sharing the width of a traffic lane or allowing a bicycle to use the edge of a lane.
subclass of: lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

reserved lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.14
definition: traffic lane (3.3.1.13) restricted to a specific subset of road vehicles (3.7.6.1) or user (3.5.1.3) categories
example: 1 Bus lane.
example: 2 High-occupancy vehicle lane.
note: A traffic lane may be reserved permanently or under certain conditions or times.
subclass of: traffic lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

usable width
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.15
definition: all traffic lanes (3.3.1.13) of a carriageway (3.3.1.5)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: traffic lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

lay-by
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.16
definition: short length of paved carriageway (3.3.1.5) at its edge designed to allow a vehicle (3.7.1.1) to draw out of the traffic lanes (3.3.1.13) and stop temporarily
note: Lay-bys are not part of a hard shoulder (3.3.1.19).
note: Lay-bys can be used for emergency situations, picking up/dropping off passengers (3.6.2.1), etc.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

hardstanding
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.17
definition: part of a paved carriageway (3.3.1.5) that is not a traffic lane (3.3.1.13), hard shoulder (3.3.1.19), or lay-by (3.3.1.16).
example: See Figure A.23.
note: Hardstanding can include edges of a hard shoulder outside of designated lane markings, slips for future connector roads (3.3.5.1), etc.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

shoulder
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.18
definition: either a hard shoulder (3.3.1.19) or a soft shoulder (3.3.1.20)
note: In some jurisdictions, a shoulder can be used for emergency stops and/or other purposes in addition to providing a clear zone for safety purposes.
note: Roadside (3.3.1.10), shoulder, and verge (3.3.1.11) define similar but slightly different concepts
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

hard shoulder
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.19
definition: part of the paved carriageway (3.3.1.5) designed to support traffic loads but not normally intended for driving
note: A hard shoulder can be narrow or wide enough for a traffic lane (3.3.1.13).
note: A hard shoulder can have a surface that discourages usage as a driving surface in some countries.
subclass of: shoulder
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

soft shoulder
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.20
definition: unpaved part of the road reservation (3.3.1.2) not belonging to the carriageway (3.3.1.5) but providing lateral support to it
note: Soft shoulders are not normally intended for driving.
note: Soft shoulders often have a grass or gravel surface.
subclass of: shoulder
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

motorway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.1.21
alternative label: interstate highway
alternative label: freeway
definition: road (3.3.5.1) with separate carriageways for each direction, with limited access that prevents cross traffic on the same level, and for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicles
note: The terms "interstate highway" and "freeway" are US terms.
subclass of: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

physical traffic separator
type: Class
clause: 3.3.2.1
definition: mechanism used to physically separate a travelled way or pathway from the adjacent environment
note: Mechanisms include various types of barriers, such as walls, rails, pylons, kerbs and ditches, as well as open, unpaved space. If two streams of traffic are only separated by paved space (including any markings and rumble strips), they share a common carriageway.
note: The adjacent environment can be an opposing direction of travel, a different mode of travel, the edge of a bridge, etc.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

central reservation
type: Class
clause: 3.3.2.2
alternative label: median
alternative label: median strip
alternative label: neutral ground
definition: part of the road reservation (3.3.1.2) between carriageways (3.3.1.5) designed for travel safety purposes
note: A central reservation can be paved or unpaved and can be equipped with a safety barrier, rails, or other devices.
subclass of: physical traffic separator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

Jersey barrier
type: Class
clause: 3.3.2.3
alternative label: city block
alternative label: concrete barrier
definition: physical traffic separator (3.3.2.1) that consists of a wall with a wide, sloped base designed to divert vehicles (3.7.1.1) back into their traffic lane (3.3.1.13)
note: Jersey barriers are typically modular. They are typically made of concrete but can also be made with other materials such as plastic filled with water or sand.
subclass of: physical traffic separator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

kerb
type: Class
clause: 3.3.2.4
alternative label: curb
definition: physical traffic separator, usually upstanding, at the edge of a carriageway, hard strip, hard shoulder, or footway Note 1 to entry: "Curb" is the US spelling.
subclass of: physical traffic separator
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

cycle lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.1
definition: lane (3.3.1.12) designed for the through movement of cycles
note: Cycle lanes are typically much narrower than traffic lanes (3.3.1.13).
note: Cycle lanes are typically part of either a carriageway (3.3.1.15) or a cycleway (3.3.3.2).
note: Cycle lanes could also allow and be designed for motorized vehicles (3.7.6.2) (e.g. e-scooters, mopeds, etc.) with similar performance characteristics as human-powered cycles, subject to local regulations.
subclass of: lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

cycleway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.2
alt pref label: cycle track
definition: infrastructure primarily designed for the use of cycles and separate from a carriageway (3.3.1.5)
note: Local legislation can allow cycleways to be used by a variety of low-speed vehicles (3.7.5.2) (e.g. low-speed scooters, skateboards, etc.) and can share usage of other low-speed modes such as pedestrians (3.6.1.4), horseback riders, etc.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: cycle lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

footpath
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.3
definition: area designed for the longitudinal movement of pedestrians
note: Regulations typically allow footpaths to be used by other ultra-low speed users (3.5.1.3), such as the users of wheelchairs and strollers.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022; revised in 2025 to distinguish between a footpath, which can be crossing areas and footways, which are curvilinear and form lanes.

sidewalk
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.4
alt pref label: footway
alternative label: pavement
definition: footpath (3.3.3.3) along a roadside (3.3.1.10)
note: A paved footway is called a "pavement" in the British English.
subclass of: lane
subclass of: footpath
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: along
  some values from: roadside
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022; footway added as a synonym in 2025.

escalator
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.5
definition: rising or falling stairway that assists pedestrians in vertical transitions
subclass of: footpath
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

moving walkway
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.6
alternative label: travellator
definition: footpath consisting of a conveyor belt for pedestrians Note 1 to entry: Moving walkways are often used in airports with long footpaths Note 2 to entry: Moving walkways assist pedestrians in traversing longer distances. Note 3 to entry: "Travellator" is a term used in Singapore.
subclass of: footpath
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

pedestrian crossing
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.7
alt pref label: crosswalk
definition: physically marked location to enhance the safety of pedestrians crossing one or more lanes of a different mode of travel
note: Pedestrian permission and/or priority at crossing can be managed when traffic signals are present.
note: In some cases, local regulations can require vehicles to give way to the pedestrians in the pedestrian crossing and/or restrict pedestrians to only cross at pedestrian crossings.
subclass of: footpath
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

shared space
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.8
definition: public area space for use by users with distinctly different characteristics
example: facility designed for the use of pedestrians, cycles, and motor vehicles
note: The space can be for travel, gatherings, rest, or other purposes.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

block-face
type: Class
clause: 3.3.3.9
definition: extent of sidewalk on one side of a street between two consecutive intersections crossing that street
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extent of
  some values from: sidewalk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: starts at
  some values from: intersection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ends at
  some values from: intersection
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

hard shoulder for emergency use
type: Class
clause: 3.3.4.1
definition: operating mode of a hard shoulder (3.3.1.19) that allows operation of emergency, construction, maintenance, or other special use vehicles (3.7.1.1) or for emergency stopping and is prohibited for other vehicle usage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operating mode of
  some values from: hard shoulder
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

hard shoulder running
type: Class
clause: 3.3.4.2
definition: operating mode of a hard shoulder (3.3.1.19) that allows operation of general-purpose motor vehicles (3.7.6.3) as an extra lane (3.3.1.12)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operating mode of
  some values from: hard shoulder
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.1
definition: curvilinear length of roadway (3.3.1.3) that shares the same road identifier (3.3.5.13)
note: A length of the road network (3.3.5.2) may be referenced by multiple designators (e.g. Main Street and Route 7). In this case, there would be two "roads" that share the same set of "carriageways" (3.3.1.5).
note: A road can change directions at a junction (3.3.6.2).
note: The identification is generally a name or number.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road network
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.2
definition: interconnected collection of roads (3.3.5.1)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road model
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.3
definition: representation of a road network (3.3.5.2)
note: Road models for different systems (3.1.2.1) will often define different models. For example, a public transport system (3.1.2.2) can define road links (3.3.5.6) based on the location (3.4.1.1) of bus stops while a traffic system can define road links based on the location of junctions (3.3.6.2).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: represents
  some values from: road network
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constitutes
  some values from: node
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constitutes
  some values from: link
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

node
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.4
alt pref label: road network node
definition: <road network> component of a road model (3.3.5.3) representing a point location (3.4.1.3) of the road network (3.3.5.2) graph
note: The point location typically represents a point along the road (3.3.5.1) which can be used to designate the location (3.4.1.1) of a junction (3.3.6.2), public transport (3.5.6.1) stop, jurisdictional boundary, termination point, etc.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

link
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.5
definition: <road network> component of a road model (3.3.5.3) that represents a connection between two nodes (3.3.5.4)
note: A link can be curvilinear and can have various attributes such as width.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: instant
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road link
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.6
definition: link (3.3.5.5) representing a contiguous length of a road (3.3.5.1) between two nodes (3.3.5.4) of operational or managerial significance
note: The operational characteristics of the nodes would relate to the type of road model (3.3.5.3). For example, a traffic system (3.1.2.1) can base its road links on nodes that represent junctions (3.3.6.2) and road terminators (3.1.8.3).
subclass of: link
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: lane link
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constitutes
  some values from: road segment
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road section
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.7
definition: aggregation of one or more road links (3.3.5.6) that represents a contiguous length of a road (3.3.5.1) that shares the same management and operational strategies
example: 1 A traffic signal timing plan is applied to one road section.
example: 2 A speed limit regulation can be applied to a road section.
note: Different road models (3.3.5.3) can divide the same road into different road sections.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: road link
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road segment
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.8
definition: link (3.3.5.5) that represents a contiguous length of a road link (3.3.5.6) characterized by the same physical characteristics
note: The definition of road segments is highly dependent on which characteristics are modelled by the implementation. Characteristics that can result in a new road segment include addition or subtraction of a lane (3.3.1.12), a change in roadway (3.3.1.3) width, the change of road (3.3.5.1) type (e.g. start/end of a bridge), etc.
subclass of: link
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

lane link
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.9
definition: link (3.3.5.5) that represents a lane (3.3.1.12) of a road link (3.3.5.6)
note: A lane segment (3.3.5.10) can start or end at locations (3.4.1.1) other than the start or end of the corresponding road segment (3.3.5.8) (e.g. a lane can start mid-block).
note: A lane segment only includes the sequential (3.5.9.2) lane links, it does not include lane links from adjacent lanes.
subclass of: link
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constitutes
  some values from: lane segment
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

lane segment
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.10
definition: link (3.3.5.1) that represents a contiguous length of a lane link (3.3.5.9) characterized by the same physical characteristics
subclass of: link
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

alley
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.11
definition: road (3.3.1.2) that has buildings, walls or fences on each side
subclass of: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

road identifier
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.12
definition: designator by a road authority to uniquely identify one or more curvilinear lengths of roadway (3.3.5.3) within the context of the road authority
note: A single road identifier can be assigned to non-contiguous lengths of roadway.
note: The same road identifier can be allocated by different road authorities to different, physically distinct, curvilinear lengths of roadway.
note: The identifier is typically either a name (e.g., Main Street), a class of road coupled with a number (e.g., "M25" meaning "motorway no. 25").
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifies
  some values from: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

service road
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.13
definition: road designed to facilitate the provision of services to customers
example: road used to access parking spaces or pick-up/drop-off area
subclass of: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

service alley
type: Class
clause: 3.3.5.14
definition: alley designed to facilitate the provision of services for adjacent locations
example: alley for trash collection
example: alley that provides access to an electrical substation
subclass of: alley
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

intersection
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.1
definition: space where two or more roads (3.3.5.1) meet or cross
note: Intersections can be associated with zero junctions (3.3.6.2), such as a motorway crossing a road without any connecting ramps, or can be associated with one or more junctions, such as a diamond interchange (3.3.6.9).
note: Complex intersections can be viewed as multiple intersections by providing separate designations for distinct road links (3.3.5.6). For example, one model could depict a complex intersection as being associated with multiple junctions; another model could depict the same physical infrastructure as being multiple intersections that are interconnected by different roads, each with its own designator (e.g. "ramp from northbound Road A to eastbound Road B").
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: meeting or crossing
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: road
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

junction
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.2
alternative label: intersection (3.3.6.1) that allows travellers (3.6.1.1) to change roads (3.3.5.1)
subclass of: intersection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: ingress lane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: egress lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ingress lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.3
definition: traffic lane (3.3.1.13) designed for entering a junction (3.3.6.2)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: entry for
  some values from: junction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ingress link
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.4
definition: all ingress lanes (3.3.6.3) on a road link (3.3.5.6)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: ingress lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

egress lane
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.5
definition: traffic lane (3.3.1.13) designed for exiting a junction (3.3.6.2)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exit for
  some values from: junction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

egress link
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.6
definition: all egress lanes (3.3.6.5) on a road link (3.3.5.6)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: egress lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

intersection manoeuvre
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.7
alt pref label: manoeuvre
alternative label: maneuver
definition: <junction> movement from an ingress lane (3.3.6.3) to an egress lane (3.3.6.5)
note: The term "maneuver" is the American English spelling.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from
  some values from: ingress lane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to
  some values from: egress lane
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

junction at grade
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.8
alt pref label: at-grade intersection
alternative label: grade junction
definition: junction (3.3.6.2) without any grade separated manoeuvres (3.3.6.10)
subclass of: junction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

interchange
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.9
definition: junction (3.3.6.2) with at least one grade separated manoeuvre (3.3.6.10)
note: The term "interchange" typically refers to the facilities that enable all available manoeuvres at the grade separated intersection (3.3.6.1), which typically includes multiple junctions.
note: The grade separation allows travellers (3.6.1.1) on the link (3.3.5.5) to pass unimpeded through the interchange when congestion is not present.
subclass of: junction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: grade separated manoeuvre
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

grade separated manoeuvre
type: Class
clause: 3.3.6.10
definition: manoeuvre (3.3.6.7) that is vertically separated from one or more manoeuvres that cross its two-dimensional path
subclass of: intersection manoeuvre
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport facility
type: Class
clause: 3.3.7.1
definition: physical structure or installation, including related site works, serving one or more transport-related purposes
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

transport infrastructure
type: Class
clause: 3.3.7.2
definition: system of transport facilities (3.3.7.1) and equipment needed for a transport system
note: Transport infrastructure typically includes or shares telecommunications infrastructure in the case of ITS.
subclass of: system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: system of
  some values from: transport facility
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

bridge
type: Class
clause: 3.3.7.3
definition: transport facility (3.3.7.1) built over a gap to provide a continuous travel path
subclass of: transport facility
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

movable bridge
type: Class
clause: 3.3.7.4
definition: bridge (3.3.7.3) with a deck that can be moved in a way that disrupts the continuous travel path
note: Movable bridges can be used over waterways to allow for the passage of tall ships.
note: Movable bridges include, but are not limited to, bascule bridges, vertical lift bridges, and swing bridges.
subclass of: bridge
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

designated parking space
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.1
definition: parking space (3.3.8.3) for a designated purpose Note 1 to entry: Note 2 to entry:
note: The term "designated parking space" is often specialized to indicate the type of designation (e.g., "electric vehicle parking space").
note: Designated parking spaces include those that require permits (e.g., reserved for those with disabilities) as well as advisory notices that rely upon voluntary compliance (e.g., reserved for expectant mothers).
subclass of: parking space
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

loading area
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.2
alt pref label: unloading area
definition: area designated for vehicles (3.7.1.1) to load and/or unload goods
note: The area can include the vehicle waiting area and the goods waiting area.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for designated
  some values from: vehicles
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

parking space
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.3
definition: location for storing a vehicle (3.7.1.1) Note 1 to entry: The vehicle can be a motor vehicle, cycle, or any other type of vehicle. Note 2 to entry: A parking space is usually designed for a single vehicle. Note 3 to entry: Parking spaces can be, but are not necessarily, denoted by painted or other road surface markings.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: store
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

parking space for permit holders
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.4
definition: designated parking space (3.3.8.3) that requires a special permit from an appropriate authority
note: The permit can be physically displayed or linked to a database, per authority policies.
subclass of: designated parking space
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

pick-up/drop-off area
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.5
alt pref label: PUDO area
definition: area intended to allow passengers to board and/or alight from vehicles (3.7.1.1)
example: kerbside passenger pick-up area at an airport arrivals zone
note: The area can include the vehicle waiting area and the pedestrian waiting area.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: passenger
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to board or alight from
  some values from: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

public transport vehicle stop
type: Class
clause: 3.3.8.6
alt pref label: PTV stop
definition: pick-up/drop-off area (3.3.8.5) area for public transport vehicles
note: The term "PTV stop" is often specialized to indicate the type of public transport vehicle (e.g., "bus stop", "tram stop").
subclass of: pick-up/drop-off area
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: publicTransportVehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

road equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.3.9.1
alternative label: road furniture
definition: component of transport infrastructure (3.3.7.2) along the roadway intended to contribute to the safety, operations, management, awareness, and comfort of movements of the road users (3.6.1.2)
example: sign, traffic signal, safety rail, gantry, bus stop structure, highway safety lighting
note: Road equipment can be next to, over, on and/or in the roadway.
note: ITS roadside equipment is a type of roadside equipment.
note: Road equipment is sometimes referred to as "roadside equipment".
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

traffic control device
type: Class
clause: 3.3.9.2
definition: road equipment (3.3.9.1) used to visually, audibly, or tangibly convey regulatory, advisory, or guidance information to road users (3.6.1.2)
subclass of: road equipment
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.1
definition: particular place or position
note: The term "location" by itself is a broad term that can be used to reference spatial, computer memory, imaginary and other locations.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

spatial location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.2
alt pref label: ITS spatial location
definition: location (3.4.1.1) within three-dimensional space
note: The "location" could be a point (consuming no space) or could consume space in one, two, or three dimensions. In any case, the location is identified within a larger space.
note: Within ITS, locations are typically locations on or near the surface of the earth.
subclass of: location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

point location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.3
definition: spatial location (3.4.1.2) with no length in any of the spatial dimensions
subclass of: spatial location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

geographic point location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.4
alternative label: geolocation
definition: well defined geographic place described by one coordinate tuple
note: The "geolocation" term is a short version of the term used within some ITS communities.
source: ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.11, modified - Note 1 to entry added.
subclass of: point location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

linear location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.5
alt pref label: ITS linear location
definition: spatial location (3.4.1.2) that extends between two point locations (3.4.1.3) along a defined path
note: The path can exhibit 3-dimensional characteristics.
subclass of: spatial location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

area location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.6
alt pref label: ITS area location
definition: spatial location (3.4.1.2) enclosed within a two-dimensional boundary or boundaries across a defined surface
example: The British Isles.
note: The boundary can consist of a single curvilinear line (e.g. a circle) or multiple curvilinear lines (e.g. the boundaries of city limits) and can consist of multiple enclosed areas.
subclass of: spatial location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

geographic feature
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.7
definition: abstraction of real-world phenomena
note: Geographic features can be defined for any geographic entity that can be defined with geospatial boundaries, such as landmarks, buildings, transport infrastructure (e.g., road, pathway, railway, bridge structures, intersections, traffic signal cabinet, traffic signal pole, waterway), jurisdictional areas (e.g., country, city), etc.
source: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11, "geographic" has been added to the term to clarify context; note 1 to entry has been replaced.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

point destination
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.8
definition: point location, which is the destination of a defined route or itinerary
subclass of: point location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

area destination
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.9
definition: area location, which is the destination of a defined route or itinerary
subclass of: area location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

coordinate tuple
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.10
definition: ordered list of numbers that jointly designate the position of a point
note: The number of values in a coordinate tuple is immutable.
note: This definition was derived by consolidating the definitions of "coordinate tuple", "coordinate", and "tuple" from ISO 19136:2020.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designates
  some values from: point location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

point coordinates
type: Class
clause: 3.4.1.11
definition: coordinate tuple defining the geodetic position of a single point location (3.4.1.3) using a known geodetic reference system
subclass of: coordinate tuple
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

location referencing
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.1
alt pref label: ITS location referencing
definition: process used to develop a spatial reference (3.4.2.2)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process to develop
  some values from: spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

spatial reference
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.2
alt pref label: ITS spatial reference
alternative label: location reference
definition: description of a spatial location (3.4.1.2) in the real world according to a defined reference system
example: Coordinate tuple: 51.476852, -0.000500.
note: It is not necessary for the rules be formal coordinates but they could be descriptive.
note: The term "location reference" has been used within ITS, but the term "spatial reference" is preferred to better align with the activities of ISO/TC 211.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specification of
  some values from: spatial location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

dynamic spatial reference
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.3
alternative label: dynamic location reference
definition: spatial reference (3.4.2.2) generated on-the-fly based on geographic properties in a digital map database
subclass of: spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

pre-coded spatial reference
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.4
alternative label: pre-coded location reference
definition: spatial reference (3.4.2.2) using a unique identifier that is agreed upon in both the sender and receiver system (3.1.2.1) to select a location (3.4.1.1) from a set of pre-coded locations
subclass of: spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

link location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.5
definition: pre-coded spatial reference (3.4.2.4) defined within the road network (3.3.5.2) database
subclass of: pre-coded spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

geographic identifier
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.6
hidden label: location code
definition: spatial reference (3.4.2.2) in the form of a label or code that identifies a location (3.4.1.1)
example: "Spain" is an example of a label (country name); "SW1P 3AD" is an example of a code (postcode).
note: The term "location code" has been used previously in ISO/TC 204 documents, but "geographic identifier" is preferred to better align with the activities of ISO/TC 211.
source: ISO 19112:2019, 3.1.2, modified - Note 1 to entry and deprecated term added.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reference used by
  some values from: spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

gazetteer
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.7
alternative label: location table
definition: register of spatial references (3.4.2.2) of one or more location (3.4.1.1) sub-types containing some information regarding position
note: The positional information need not be coordinates but could be descriptive.
source: ISO 19112:2019, 3.1.1, modified - "register of location instances..." changed to "register of spatial references..." in order to fit the relevant concept model.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregates
  some values from: spatial reference
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

network location
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.8
definition: point or linear location on a network
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

geographic descriptor
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.9
definition: descriptor that identifies a geographic characteristic to help identify a specific location
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: helps identify
  some values from: spatial location
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

infrastructure descriptor
type: Class
clause: 3.4.2.10
definition: descriptor that identifies infrastructure to help identify a specific location
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: helps identify
  some values from: transport facility
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

campus
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.1
definition: jurisdictional area (3.4.3.4) with a jurisdictional entity (3.4.3.6) who is the owner of the area but excluding transport facilities managed by the local government
example: A point of interest (e.g., airport, university, business park, industrial area, shopping centre) that manages its own transport infrastructure separately from that managed by the local government. In this case, the point of interest and its own transport system are a part of the campus.
example: A point of interest (e.g., airport, university, business park, industrial area, shopping centre) that includes transport infrastructure that is managed by the local government. In this case, the government-managed transport infrastructure is a governmental area while the campus is represented by the remainder of the area.
note: A campus can be privately or publicly owned.
subclass of: jurisdictional area
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

governmental area
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.2
definition: transport-related, jurisdictional area (3.4.3.4) whose only jurisdictional entities (3.4.3.6) are governmental entities
example: A subway station owned by a governmental entity is a governmental area.
note: The boundaries of a jurisdictional area can include or exclude geofenced areas to indicate which jurisdictional entities have authority over transport facilities (3.4.3) as needed.
subclass of: jurisdictional area
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

ISO named area
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.3
alt pref label: area identified using ISO 3166-2 identifiers
definition: Note 1 to entry: ISO 3166-2 includes codes for major subdivisions of countries and states.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

jurisdiction
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.4
definition: legal power to issue rules of behaviour for a defined area
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

jurisdictional area
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.5
definition: territory for which a jurisdictional entity (3.4.3.6) has the power to define rules of behaviour
note: A jurisdictional area might include non-contiguous locations.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: rules defined by
  some values from: jurisdictional entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

jurisdictional boundary
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.6
definition: territorial limit associated with a jurisdictional area (3.4.3.5)
note: A geofence can be used to electronically represent a jurisdictional boundary.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: limit of
  some values from: jurisdictional area
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

jurisdictional entity
type: Class
clause: 3.4.3.7
definition: person (3.1.1.6) or organization who has jurisdiction (3.4.3.3)
example: A city government
note: In the case of a geopolitical jurisdiction, the jurisdictional entity is typically the recognized government for the territory; in the case of a campus, the jurisdictional entity is typically the landowner.
note: A jurisdictional entity assigns its authority to one or more rule-makers, which may be itself (e.g., the individual owner or a campus) or other divisions of the entity (e.g., police department, traffic department).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: jurisdiction
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.1.1
definition: provision of one or more capabilities, functionalities or facilities to fulfil or enable the fulfilment of a user need (3.5.1.4)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fulfils
  some values from: user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

service provider
type: Class
clause: 3.5.1.2
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that delivers one or more services (3.5.1.1)
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: delivers
  some values from: service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

user
type: Class
clause: 3.5.1.3
alt pref label: consumer
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) for whom the system (3.1.2.1) of interest is designed
note: The term "consumer" can be used when fulfilling the need results in the consumption of a resource (3.1.6.2).
subclass of: entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

user need
type: Class
clause: 3.5.1.4
alt pref label: need
definition: desired results of a user (3.5.1.3) within a specified context of use
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: desired results of
  some values from: user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.2.1
alt pref label: service
definition: service (3.5.1.1) that transports one or more material entities (3.1.1.3) from one location (3.4.1.1) to another
note: The material entities transported can be people and/or goods.
subclass of: service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fulfils
  some values from: transport user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: transport user
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: transports
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport provider
type: Class
clause: 3.5.2.2
alt pref label: service provider
alt pref label: provider
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that delivers one or more transport services (3.5.2.1)
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: delivers
  some values from: transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport user
type: Class
clause: 3.5.2.3
alt pref label: user
alt pref label: consumer
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that has a desire to transport a material entity (3.1.1.3)
subclass of: user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport user need
type: Class
clause: 3.5.2.4
alt pref label: user need
alt pref label: need
definition: user need (3.5.1.4) to transport one or more material entities (3.1.1.3) to a different location (3.4.1.1)
subclass of: user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: desired results of
  some values from: transport user
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: desire to transport
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.3.1
alt pref label: service
definition: provision of functionality that fulfils one or more ITS user needs (3.5.3.4)
subclass of: service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fulfils
  some values from: ITS user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: ITS user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS service provider
type: Class
clause: 3.5.3.2
alt pref label: service provider
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that delivers one or more ITS services (3.5.3.1)
note: Cooperative ITS (3.1.2.5) services often require multiple entities cooperatively working together to provide a unified service (3.5.1.1) where the individual entities are simultaneously ITS service providers and ITS users.
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: delivers
  some values from: ITS service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS user
type: Class
clause: 3.5.3.3
alt pref label: user
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that uses information, communication, and transducer technologies to achieve benefits when using a surface transport system (3.1.2.3)
subclass of: user
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: surface transport system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS user need
type: Class
clause: 3.5.3.4
alt pref label: user need
definition: user need (3.5.1.4) for a surface transport system (3.1.2.3) benefit that can be met with the use of information, communication, and transducer technologies
example: Increasing safety, sustainability, efficiency and/or comfort.
subclass of: user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: desired results of
  some values from: ITS user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-SU service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.4.1
definition: provision of functionality to fulfil an ITS-SU user need (3.5.4.4)
note: An ITS-SU service refers to the services provided by realizations of ITS-S application processes while an ITS-S service refers to the communication services that these processes use to communicate to other nodes.
subclass of: service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fulfils
  some values from: ITS-SU user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for
  some values from: ITS-SU user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-SU service provider
type: Class
clause: 3.5.4.2
definition: ITS-SU (3.2.7.4) that delivers one or more ITS-SU services (3.5.4.1)
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: delivers
  some values from: ITS-SU service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is a
  some values from: ITS-S unit
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-SU user
type: Class
clause: 3.5.4.3
definition: entity (3.1.1.1) that has a need to perform processing within a bounded, secure, managed domain (3.2.7.1)
subclass of: user
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: ITS-SU user need
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-SU user need
type: Class
clause: 3.5.4.4
definition: user need (3.5.1.4) for processing within a bounded, secure, managed domain (3.2.7.1)
subclass of: user need
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires processing within
  some values from: boundedSecureManagedDomain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ITS-S service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.4.5
definition: communication functionality of an ITS station (3.2.7.3) that provides the capability to connect to other nodes
note: The definition of ITS-S service predates the adoption of the concept model used for the other service terms in this standard. It is an outlier in that it describes a portion of the functionality contained within the ITS station reference architecture (i.e., the communication functionality) rather than the end functionality of the conceptual ITS station.
note: [ISO 21217:2020, 3.51; note added]
subclass of: service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

mobility app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.1
definition: ITS-S application implementation (3.2.9.4) designed to assist an individual transport consumer in understanding transport-related information, making decisions, and/or acting upon decisions
subclass of: ITS-S application implementation
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

B2C mobility sharing app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.2
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) in acquiring a transport service (3.5.2.1) from a specific business
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

navigation app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.4
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) to determine the best route to a destination
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

P2P mobility sharing app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.5
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) in acquiring transport service (3.5.2.1) from an individual that participates in the mobility app's network
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ridesourcing app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.6
definition: P2P mobility sharing app (3.5.13.5) for acquiring a ridesourced service (3.5.11.5)
subclass of: P2P mobility sharing app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

public transport app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.7
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) in using a public transport (3.5.6.1) system (3.1.2.1)
note: A public transport app can include features such as viewing maps, searching routes and schedules, real-time arrival information, ticketing, electronic boarding pass, etc.
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

real-time traveller information app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.8
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that provides information about current travel conditions to a transport user (3.5.2.3)
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

taxi hailing app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.9
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) in electronically requesting a taxi
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

trip aggregator app
type: Class
clause: 3.5.5.10
definition: mobility app (3.5.13.1) that assists a transport user (3.5.2.3) in planning trips that may span multiple vehicle modes or transport providers (3.5.2.2)
note: The assistance can include reservations, ticketing and similar services (3.5.1.1).
subclass of: mobility app
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

public transport
type: Class
clause: 3.5.6.1
alt pref label: public transport service
definition: transport service (3.5.2.1) that is publicly accessible enabling the movement of one or more persons (3.1.1.6)
example: 1 Bus, tram, cable car, metro, train and ferry are examples of public transport means for collective use.
example: 2 Publicly-accessible shared cars, shared bikes and shared el-scooters are examples of public transport means for shared and individual use.
note: A public transport service can be scheduled or on-demand.
note: A public transport service is based on the use of publicly accessible transport means for collective, shared or individual use.
subclass of: transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

shared transport service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.6.2
definition: transport service (3.5.2.1) that relies upon the same resources (3.1.6.2) to fulfil the transport needs (3.5.2.4) of multiple unrelated transport users (3.5.2.3) and where the transport provider (3.5.2.2) has the primary responsibility for the operation of the transport mode
note: A shared transport service might not be dependent upon a vehicle and/or could be multi-modal. For example, a letter courier service could rely on walking and public transport (3.5.6.1).
note: Responsibilities of the transport service can be further delegated to others. For example, a courier service relying on public transport would delegate the operation of the transport mode to the public transport operator.
subclass of: transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

shared vehicle service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.6.3
definition: transport service (3.5.2.1) that sequentially (3.5.9.2) provides the same vehicles (3.7.1.1) to multiple unrelated transport users (3.5.2.3) and where the transport user has the primary responsibility for the operation of the vehicle
note: As there should only be one operator of a vehicle at any time, a shared vehicle service should use a sequential operational model.
note: This term can be specialized by replacing "vehicle" with any defined vehicle type (e.g. "automated vehicle sharing").
subclass of: transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

transport sharing
type: Class
clause: 3.5.6.4
definition: using a shared transport service (3.5.6.2)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: using
  some values from: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vehicle sharing
type: Class
clause: 3.5.6.5
definition: using a shared vehicle service (3.5.6.3)
note: This term can be specialized by replacing "vehicle" with any defined vehicle type. However, in some cases the preferred form is to consolidate terms (e.g. "carsharing" rather than "passenger car sharing").
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: using
  some values from: shared vehicle service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

contractual model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.7.1
alt pref label: shared mobility contract model
definition: legal framework for the agreement between a service provider (3.5.1.2) and a user (3.5.1.3)
note: Contracts can be via a third party, implied or verbal, especially in the case of peer-to-peer (3.5.7.5).
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

corporate customer model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.7.2
definition: contractual model (3.5.7.1) where the user (3.5.1.3) is a commercial (3.5.8.2) entity (3.1.1.1)
example: 1 A business purchasing monthly public transport (3.5.6.1) passes for its employees.
example: 2 A commercial entity using a commercial courier service for package delivery.
subclass of: contractual model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

private customer model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.7.3
definition: contractual model (3.5.7.1) where the user (3.5.1.3) is an individual
subclass of: contractual model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

government customer model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.7.4
definition: contractual model (3.5.7.1) where the user (3.5.1.3) is a governmental entity (3.1.1.1)
example: A governmental entity using a commercial (3.5.8.2) courier service for package delivery.
subclass of: contractual model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

peer-to-peer
type: Class
clause: 3.5.7.5
definition: <transport service> private customer model (3.5.7.3) where the service provider (3.5.1.2) is an individual
example: Ridesourcing.
note: The customer and provider can connect and/or contract through a third-party service (3.5.1.1).
subclass of: contractual model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

financial model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.1
definition: economic framework for the agreement between a service provider (3.5.1.2) and a user (3.5.1.3)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

commercial
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.2
definition: type of financial model (3.5.8.1) where services (3.5.1.1) are provided with a profit motive
subclass of: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

public
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.3
definition: type of financial model (3.5.8.1) where services (3.5.1.1) are provided by an administrative authority in an attempt to better serve societal interests
note: The transport service (3.5.2.1) is typically offered to the transport consumer for less than the full capital and operating cost of providing the service, but this is not a requirement.
note: Typically, the administrative authority is a local government agency; but it could be another administrative authority, such as the national government or a commercial (3.5.8.2) entity (3.1.1.1) managing transport needs (3.5.2.4) on their campus.
subclass of: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

cooperative
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.4
definition: type of financial model (3.5.8.1) where users (3.5.1.3) partner to defray the costs of services (3.5.1.1)
note: Cooperative models are exclusive commercial (3.5.8.2) and public (3.5.8.3) models.
subclass of: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

mutual benefit
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.5
definition: cooperative (3.5.8.4) financial model (3.5.8.1) where users (3.5.1.3) partner on a per-use basis
subclass of: cooperative
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

fractional ownership
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.6
definition: <transport service> cooperative (3.5.8.4) financial model (3.5.8.1) where users (3.5.1.3) partner to support the purchase, maintenance and overhead costs associated with a service (3.5.1.1)
subclass of: cooperative
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

private
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.7
definition: <transport service> financial model (3.5.8.1) where services (3.5.1.1) are provided to members of the owning organization without usage fees
example: Fleet vehicles of an employer.
subclass of: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

membership-based
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.8
definition: characteristic of a financial model (3.5.8.1) that requires users (3.5.1.3) to enter into an agreement prior to receiving services (3.5.1.1)
note: The agreement can be associated with fees.
note: The agreement can be minimal, such as collecting user information for business purposes.
note: The membership can be granted as a part of a broader agreement. For example, a university bus system (3.1.2.1) can restrict access to students and faculty.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

open-access
type: Class
clause: 3.5.8.9
definition: characteristic of a financial model (3.5.8.1) that does not require membership within an organization to receive services (3.5.1.1)
note: This includes models where membership is optional and can provide extra benefits.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: describes
  some values from: financial model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

operational model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.1
definition: logistical framework for the agreement between a service provider (3.5.1.2) and a user (3.5.1.3)
note: The logistical framework can set restrictions on how a passenger (3.6.2.1) and/or good is received, transported and/or delivered.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

sequential
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.2
definition: operational model (3.5.9.1) where services (3.5.1.1) are provided to a single user (3.5.1.3) at any one time
example: Traditional taxi service.
note: A single transport consumer can request the transport of multiple passengers (3.6.2.1).
subclass of: operational model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

concurrent
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.3
definition: operational model (3.5.9.1) where services (3.5.1.1) can be provided to multiple users (3.5.1.3) at any one time
subclass of: operational model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

fixed route
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.4
definition: <transport service> concurrent (3.5.9.3) operation where transported items can only be received or delivered at stopping points contained in a pre-defined sequence
example: Traditional fixed-route bus line.
subclass of: concurrent
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

dynamic route
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.5
definition: <transport service> concurrent (3.5.9.3) operation where transported items can only be received or delivered at stopping points within a pre-defined service (3.5.1.1) corridor
example: Airport shuttle.
note: The service corridor is defined by the provider, who may impose further restrictions on where stops are allowed.
note: The service corridor often includes a communal point of interest (e.g. an airport, transit hub, etc.) as a fixed stopping point.
subclass of: concurrent
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

paired on-demand
type: Class
clause: 3.5.9.6
definition: <transport service> concurrent (3.5.9.3) operation where the transport provider (3.5.2.2) may choose to divert from its path to service a new request from another transport users (3.5.2.3) while servicing an earlier transport user
example: Ridesplitting.
subclass of: concurrent
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

network model
type: Class
clause: 3.5.10.1
definition: infrastructure framework for the agreement between a service provider (3.5.1.2) and a user (3.5.1.3)
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

station-based roundtrip
type: Class
clause: 3.5.10.2
definition: <transport service> operational mode (3.5.9.1) where the transport service (3.5.2.1) is initiated and terminated at the same facility managed by the transport provider (3.5.2.2)
subclass of: network model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

station-based one-way
type: Class
clause: 3.5.10.3
definition: <transport service> operational mode (3.5.9.1) where the transport service (3.5.2.1) is initiated and terminated at two different facilities managed by the transport provider (3.5.2.2)
subclass of: network model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

free-floating
type: Class
clause: 3.5.10.4
definition: <transport service> network model (3.5.10.1) where the transport service (3.5.2.1) may be initiated and terminated at any location (3.4.1.1) meeting basic criteria
note: The basic criteria typically include geographic limits and requirements related to legal and safe locations.
subclass of: network model
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

shuttle service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.1
definition: shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports passengers (3.6.2.1) between two specified locations (3.4.1.1)
note: Each location can be defined as point, linear or area locations (3.4.1.6). However, the areas of the two locations should not overlap.
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

taxi service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.2
definition: commercial (3.5.8.2) shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports passengers (3.6.2.1) sequentially (3.5.9.2)
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

taxi-share service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.3
definition: commercial (3.5.8.2) shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports passengers (3.6.2.1) concurrently (3.5.9.3)
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

rideshare service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.4
definition: cooperative (3.5.8.4) shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports passengers (3.6.2.1) concurrently (3.5.9.3)
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ridesourced service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.5
definition: commercial (3.5.8.2), peer-to-peer (3.5.7.5) shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports passengers (3.6.2.1)
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ridesplit service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.6
definition: ridesourced service (3.5.11.5) that serves passengers (3.6.2.1) concurrently (3.5.9.3)
subclass of: ridesourced service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

courier network service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.11.7
definition: commercial (3.5.8.2), peer-to-peer (3.5.7.5) shared transport service (3.5.6.2) that transports goods
note: The goods are typically small packages, letters, food, etc.
subclass of: shared transport service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

bikesharing service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.12.1
alternative label: bicycle sharing service
definition: shared vehicle service (3.5.6.3) that shares bicycles
note: The term "bicycle sharing service" is admitted, but "bikesharing service" is preferred as it has fewer syllables.
subclass of: shared vehicle service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

carsharing service
type: Class
clause: 3.5.12.2
alternative label: passenger car sharing service
definition: shared vehicle service (3.5.6.3) that shares passenger (3.6.2.1) cars
note: The term "passenger car sharing service" is admitted but has the same meaning.
subclass of: shared vehicle service
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

traveller
type: Class
clause: 3.6.1.1
definition: person (3.1.1.6) who is headed to a destination
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is a
  some values from: person
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road user
type: Class
clause: 3.6.1.2
definition: mobile material entity (3.1.1.3) within the road reservation (3.3.1.2)
example: Pedestrians (3.6.1.4), road work personnel, vehicle occupants (3.6.2.2), occupied and unoccupied vehicles, horses, etc.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located within
  some values from: road reservation
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

pedestrian
type: Class
clause: 3.6.1.4
definition: person (3.1.1.6) who is travelling on foot
subclass of: traveller
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vulnerable road user
type: Class
clause: 3.6.1.5
definition: road user (3.6.1.2) who is not protected by the body of a motor vehicle that meets local safety regulations
example: Pedestrian (3.6.1.4), cyclist, motorcyclist, road work personnel, horse, horseback rider, person with disabilities (e.g., wheelchair), etc.
subclass of: road user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

protected road user
type: Class
clause: 3.6.1.6
alternative label: non-vulnerable road user
definition: road user (3.6.1.2) who is protected by the body of a motor vehicle that meets local safety regulations
example: vehicle occupants (3.6.2.2)
subclass of: road user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

passenger
type: Class
clause: 3.6.2.1
definition: person (3.1.1.6) who has a reservation to travel or is travelling in a vehicle (3.7.1.1) except for any crew, staff or drivers (3.6.2.3)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is a
  some values from: person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: travelling in
  some values from: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vehicle occupant
type: Class
clause: 3.6.2.2
definition: person (3.1.1.6) in or on a vehicle (3.7.1.1)
note: A vehicle occupant in a stationary vehicle is not necessarily a traveller (3.6.1.1).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is a
  some values from: person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is in
  some values from: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

driver
type: Class
clause: 3.6.2.3
definition: person (3.1.1.6) that is currently responsible for the dynamic driving task (3.7.3.1) for the vehicle (3.7.1.1)
note: The driver is typically on-board the vehicle but could be remote from the vehicle or automated logic.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is a
  some values from: person
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

in-vehicle driver
type: Class
clause: 3.6.2.4
alt pref label: conventional driver
definition: driver (3.6.2.3) that performs the dynamic driving task (3.7.3.1) using the vehicle's (3.7.1.1) built-in input devices (3.7.1.5) to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle
subclass of: driver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: built-in vehicle input device
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

remote driver
type: Class
clause: 3.6.2.5
definition: driver (3.6.2.3) that performs the dynamic driving task (3.7.3.1) without using the vehicle's (3.7.1.1) built-in input devices (3.7.1.5) to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle
note: A remote driver can use a variety of physical input devices, but none that are built into the vehicle.
subclass of: driver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Class
    union of: nomadic vehicle input device
    union of: remote vehicle input device
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.1
definition: material entity (3.1.1.3) designed to transport people or physical goods by changing its physical position
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: DDT controlled by
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Class
    union of: driver
    union of: ADS
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: wheel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  min qualified cardinality: 0
  on class: motor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: vehicle input device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: can be
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Class
    union of: off-grid
    union of: connected
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

motor
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.2
alternative label: engine
definition: material entity (3.1.1.3) that converts energy into mechanical motion
subclass of: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

wheel
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.3
definition: circular material entity (3.1.1.3) that rotates about an axle to facilitate movement of the vehicle (3.7.1.1)
subclass of: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

vehicle input device
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.4
alt pref label: input device
definition: material entity (3.1.1.3) that can affect the vehicle's (3.7.1.1) operation
example: steering wheel, lever, pedal, knob, button, touch screen
note: Input devices include those used to control the motion of the vehicle (e.g. a brake pedal), the state of vehicular equipment (e.g. headlight control), the configuration of the vehicle (e.g. temperature control), etc.
subclass of: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

built-in vehicle input device
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.5
alt pref label: built-in input device
definition: input device (3.7.1.4) designed to be physically connected (3.2.3.6) to a vehicle (3.7.1.1) and to remain connected even when the vehicle is not in use
note: Built-in input devices include devices that can be temporarily disconnected (3.7.4.3) for security reasons (e.g. some radios are equipped with detachable front panels).
note: Built-in input devices are typically considered to be a part of the vehicle.
note: Built-in input devices require a maintenance operation to connect or disconnect.
subclass of: vehicle input device
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

nomadic vehicle input device
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.6
alt pref label: nomadic input device
definition: input device (3.7.1.4) that can be carried into, or in near proximity of, a vehicle (3.7.1.1) and connected (3.2.3.6) as desired
example: A smartphone connected to a vehicle (via USB or Bluetooth) to provide driver (3.6.2.3) navigation on the vehicle's large screen display
note: NDs are often more closely associated with a person (3.1.1.6) than they are with the vehicle.
note: Nomadic input devices do not require a maintenance operation to connect or disconnect.
subclass of: vehicle input device
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

remote vehicle input device
type: Class
clause: 3.7.1.7
alt pref label: remote input device
definition: input device (3.7.1.4) designed to be electronically connected (3.2.3.6) to a vehicle (3.7.1.1) even when the vehicle is not in close proximity
subclass of: vehicle input device
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.1
definition: rate of change of a material entity's (3.1.1.3) position with respect to a frame of reference
note: Speed is a function of time.
note: Speed is the scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: rate of change of position of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

design speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.2
alt pref label: vehicle design speed
alternative label: top speed
definition: <vehicle> maximum speed (3.7.2.1) at which a vehicle (3.7.1.1) is intended to operate for a sustained period of time
note: The term "top speed" is defined in SAE J3194 in relation to powered micromobility vehicles and is considered to be semantically equivalent to design speed.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: maximum sustained speed of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

anonymized vehicle reference
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.3
definition: reference for a vehicle derived from vehicle properties such as registration number but encoded so that it does not allow a human to identify the vehicle directly from the encoded value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: encoded reference for
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vehicle equipment
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.4
definition: type of equipment in use or on board the vehicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in use or on board
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vehicle fuel type
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.5
definition: type of fuel used by the vehicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fuel used by
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vehicle identifier
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.6
definition: series of 17 characters that is based on either ISO 3779 or ISO 3780 and uniquely identifies the individual vehicle and is normally securely attached to the vehicle chassis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: globally unique identifier for
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vehicle load type
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.7
definition: type of load carried by the vehicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: load carried by
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

vehicle registration plate identifier
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.8
definition: numeric or alphanumeric identifier or code, displayed on a registration plate attached to the vehicle, and unique within the issuing authority's region therefore usable for official identification purposes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identifier unique within region for
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

gross vehicle mass
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.9
alternative label: gross vehicle weight
definition: operating mass (weight) of the vehicle according to legislation and/or regulations for the applicable region Note 1 to entry: Gross vehicle mass is often used to designate weight limits (e.g., on bridges).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operating mass of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

gross vehicle mass rating
type: Class
clause: 3.7.2.10
alternative label: gross vehicle weight rating
definition: maximum operating mass (weight) of the vehicle, as determined by the vehicle manufacturer, at which the vehicle can be safely and reliably operated for its intended purpose
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: max operating weight for
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

dynamic driving task
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.1
alt pref label: DDT
definition: all real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle (3.7.1.1) in on-road traffic
note: The DDT includes lateral vehicle motion control, longitudinal vehicle motion control, monitoring the driving environment (3.1.3.11), object and event response execution, manoeuvre planning and enhancing conspicuity.
note: The DDT excludes strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is required to operate
  some values from: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

operational design domain
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.2
alt pref label: ODD
definition: set of operating conditions under which a given driving automation system (3.7.3.6) or feature thereof is specifically designed to function
example: 1 ADS (3.7.3.10) feature designed to operate a vehicle (3.7.1.1) only on fully access-controlled freeways in low-speed traffic, under fair weather conditions and optimal road (3.3.5.1) maintenance conditions (e.g. good lane markings and not under construction).
example: 2 ADS-dedicated vehicle designed to operate only within a geographically-defined area, and only during daylight at speeds not exceeding 25 mph.
note: The conditions can include environmental, geographical, time-of-day, and/or other restrictions.
note: The conditions can require the presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway (3.3.1.3) characteristics.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for a given
  some values from: driving automation system
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

fallback
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.3
alt pref label: driving automation fallback
definition: <driving automation> response by a person (3.1.1.6) to perform the DDT (3.7.3.1) or by an ADS (3.7.3.10) to achieve a minimal risk condition when the response is triggered upon violation of the defined operational design domain (3.7.3.2) constraints or in response to a DDT performance-relevant driving automation system (3.7.3.6) failure
note: This term includes the response of a person to perform the DDT in a manner to quickly achieve a minimal risk condition.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: may be caused by
  some values from: DDT performance-relevant system failure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: may be caused by a violation of
  some values from: operational design domain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

fallback-ready user
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.4
alt pref label: DDT fallback-ready user
definition: <driving automation> person (3.1.1.6) who is able to operate the vehicle (3.7.1.1) if the Level 3 ADS (3.7.3.11) issues a request to intervene or if that person otherwise identifies a condition that requires intervention to perform the DDT (3.7.3.1)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ready to perform
  some values from: dynamic driving task
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

DDT performance-relevant system failure
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.5
definition: malfunction in a vehicle system (3.2.1.5) that prevents the driving automation system (3.7.3.6) from reliably performing its portion of the DDT (3.7.3.1) on a sustained basis
note: The malfunction can be internal to the driving automation system or part of another vehicle system.
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

driving automation system
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.6
definition: hardware and software system (3.1.2.1) that is able to perform part or all of the DDT (3.7.3.1) on a sustained basis
note: In contrast to this generic term for any level 1-5 system, the specific term for a level 3-5 system is "Automated Driving System (ADS)." Given the similarity between the generic term, "driving automation system," and the level 3-5-specific term, "Automated Driving System," the latter term is intentionally capitalized when spelled out and reduced to its acronym, "ADS", as much as possible, while "driving automation system" should not be.
note: A driving automation system includes any system capable of level 1-5 driving automation.
note: Driving automation levels are defined in ISO/SAE 22736, which is also known as SAE J3016.
note: Driving automation levels include "level 1 driving automation" (3.7.3.8), "level 2 driving automation" (3.7.3.9), "level 3 ADS" (3.7.3.11), "level 4 ADS" (3.7.3.12) and "level 5 ADS" (3.7.3.13).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs part or all of
  some values from: dynamic driving task
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

driver support system
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.7
definition: driving automation system (3.7.3.6) that is only able to perform part of the DDT (3.7.3.1)
note: Driver support systems include level 1 (3.7.3.8) and level 2 driving automation (3.7.3.9).
subclass of: driving automation system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs part of
  some values from: dynamic driving task
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

level 1 driving automation
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.8
alt pref label: driver assistance
definition: driver support system (3.7.3.7) that provides either sustained lateral or sustained longitudinal vehicle (3.7.1.1) motion control within a specific operational design domain (3.7.3.2) with the expectation that a conventional driver (3.6.2.4) completes the DDT (3.7.3.1)
note: Other driving automation levels include "level 2 driving automation" (3.7.3.9), "level 3 ADS" (3.7.3.11), "level 4 ADS" (3.7.3.12), and "level 5 ADS" (3.7.3.13).
subclass of: driver support system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates within a
  some values from: operational design domain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

level 2 driving automation
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.9
alt pref label: partial driving automation
definition: driver support system (3.7.3.7) that provides sustained lateral and longitudinal vehicle (3.7.1.1) motion control within a specific operational design domain (3.7.3.2) with the expectation that a conventional driver (3.6.2.4) completes the object and event detection and response
note: Other driving automation levels include "level 1 driving automation" (3.7.3.8), "level 3 ADS" (3.7.3.11), "level 4 ADS" (3.7.3.12), and "level 5 ADS" (3.7.3.13).
subclass of: driver support system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates within a
  some values from: operational design domain
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ADS
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.10
alt pref label: Automated Driving System
definition: driving automation system (3.7.3.6) that is able to perform the entire DDT (3.7.3.1) on a sustained basis
note: The abbreviated form ("ADS") is the most preferred form and the alternative form ("Automated Driving System") uses initial capitals to avoid confusion with the more general "driving automation system".
subclass of: driving automation system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs all of
  some values from: dynamic driving task
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: can control
  some values from: ADS-equipped vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

level 3 ADS
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.11
alt pref label: conditional driving automation
alt pref label: level 3 Automated Driving System
definition: ADS (3.7.3.10) designed with the expectation that the fallback-ready user (3.7.3.4) is available to intervene
note: Level 3 ADSs are restricted to operating within a specific ODD (3.7.3.2).
note: Other driving automation levels include "level 1 driving automation" (3.7.3.8), "level 2 driving automation" (3.7.3.9), "level 4 ADS" (3.7.3.12), and "level 5 ADS" (3.7.3.13).
note: The user can intervene due to an ADS-issued request, a DDT (3.7.3.1) performance-relevant system failure, or other reasons.
subclass of: ADS
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates within a
  some values from: operational design domain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: designed with expectation of
  some values from: fallback-ready user
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

level 4 ADS
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.12
alt pref label: high driving automation
alt pref label: level 4 Automated Driving System
definition: ADS (3.7.3.10) that is capable of operating within a specific ODD (3.7.3.2) and providing its own fallback (3.7.3.3), without any expectation that a human driver (3.6.2.3) will respond to a request to intervene
note: Other driving automation levels include "level 1 driving automation" (3.7.3.8), "level 2 driving automation" (3.7.3.9), "level 3 ADS" (3.7.3.11), and "level 5 ADS" (3.7.3.13).
subclass of: ADS
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates within a
  some values from: operational design domain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: provides its own
  some values from: fallback
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

level 5 ADS
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.13
alt pref label: full driving automation
alt pref label: level 5 Automated Driving System
definition: ADS (3.7.3.10) that is capable of unconditional (i.e. not ODD (3.7.3.2)-specific) operation and providing its own fallback (3.7.3.3), without any expectation that a human driver (3.6.2.3) will respond to a request to intervene
note: Other driving automation levels include "level 1 driving automation" (3.7.3.8), "level 2 driving automation" (3.7.3.9), "level 3 ADS" (3.7.3.11) and "level 4 ADS" (3.7.3.12).
subclass of: ADS
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates within a
  some values from: operational design domain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: provides its own
  some values from: fallback
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

conventional vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.14
alt pref label: automation-equipped conventional vehicle
definition: <driving automation> vehicle (3.7.1.1) designed to be operated by a person (3.1.1.6) during part or all of every trip.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ADS-equipped vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.15
alternative label: automated vehicle
alternative label: AV
hidden label: autonomous vehicle
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) integrated with an ADS (3.7.3.10)
note: The terms "automated vehicle" and "AV" are often used in a colloquial form. However, these terms can be used to mean either an "ADS-equipped vehicle" or a "vehicle with an engaged ADS". The term "ADS-equipped vehicle" is preferred since it is more precise and descriptive in its meaning.
note: The term "autonomous vehicle" is also often used in a colloquial form and is even less well defined. The term is particularly problematic because the word "autonomous" has been used for a long time in the robotics and artificial intelligence research communities to signify systems (3.1.2.1) that have the ability and authority to make decisions independently and self-sufficiently. Due to its imprecise and overly broad meaning, use of the term "autonomous vehicle" is discouraged.
note: This term can be, and when possible should be, refined by identifying the level of automation. For example, the terms "level 5 ADS-equipped vehicle" and "level 5 automated vehicle" should be interpreted as "ADS-equipped vehicle where the ADS is a level 5 ADS." (3.7.3.13).
note: This term only describes the capabilities of the vehicle, not its operational state. In other words, the term applies as long as the ADS is connected (3.2.3.6) to the vehicle, whether the DDT (3.7.3.1) is actively engaged or not.
subclass of: vehicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: ADS
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

dual-mode vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.16
alt pref label: driving automation dual-mode vehicle
definition: <driving automation> ADS-equipped vehicle (3.7.3.15) designed for both driverless operation and operation by a conventional driver (3.6.2.4) for complete trips
subclass of: ADS-equipped vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ADS-dedicated vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.3.17
definition: ADS-equipped vehicle (3.7.3.15) designed for only driverless operation for complete trips
subclass of: ADS-equipped vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

off-grid
type: Class
clause: 3.7.4.1
alt pref label: ITS off-grid
definition: characteristic of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that is currently unable to send data to or receive data from connected (3.2.3.6) entities
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

unconnected
type: Class
clause: 3.7.4.2
alt pref label: ITS unconnected
definition: characteristic of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that is equipped with communications equipment that is not active or is otherwise unable to send data to or receive data from connected (3.2.3.6) entities
subclass of: off-grid
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

disconnected
type: Class
clause: 3.7.4.3
alt pref label: ITS disconnected
definition: characteristic of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that is or was equipped with communications equipment that is sufficiently physically disconnected such that the material entity is no longer able to send data to or receive data from connected (3.2.3.6) entities
note: The vehicle on-board equipment can still be present in the vehicle (3.7.1.1) and can even be partially connected, but not in any operational sense.
subclass of: off-grid
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

unequipped
type: Class
clause: 3.7.4.4
alt pref label: ITS unequipped
definition: characteristic of a material entity (3.1.1.3) that is not and has never been equipped with communications equipment for sending data to or receiving data from connected (3.2.3.6) entities
subclass of: off-grid
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ultra-low-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.1
alternative label: pedestrian-speed vehicle
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) that does not exceed ultra-low vehicle speeds (3.7.5.7)
note: The term "pedestrian speed vehicle" is allowed but the preferred term follows a logical progression of levels.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

low-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.2
alternative label: cycle-speed vehicle
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) in the range of low vehicle speeds (3.7.5.8)
example: Mountain bicycle.
note: The term "cycle-speed vehicle" is allowed but the preferred term follows a logical progression of levels.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderately low-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.3
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) in the range of moderately-low vehicle speeds (3.7.5.9)
example: Typical moped.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderate-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.4
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) in the range of moderate vehicle speeds (3.7.5.10)
example: Typical side-by-side utility task vehicle (UTV).
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderately high-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.5
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) in the range of moderately-high vehicle speeds (3.7.5.11)
example: Typical passenger (3.6.2.1) car.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

high-speed vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.6
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) with a design speed (3.7.2.2) in the range of high vehicle speeds (3.7.5.12)
example: 1 Racing car.
example: 2 High-speed train
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

ultra-low vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.7
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that does not greatly exceed typical pedestrian (3.6.1.4) speeds
example: SAE J3194 associates this with a top speed of less than 13 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

low vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.8
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that exceeds pedestrian (3.6.1.4) speeds and is more typical of pedal cycles
example: SAE J3194 associates this with a top speed in the range between 13 km/h and 32 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderately-low vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.9
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that exceeds speeds typical of pedal cycles but can be reached on performance pedal cycles in short bursts or by performance riders
example: SAE J3194 associates this with a top speed in the range of 32 km/h to 48 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderate vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.10
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that exceeds moderately-low vehicle speeds (3.7.5.9) but does not reach free-flow motorway speeds
example: A speed in the range of 48 km/h and 87 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

moderately-high vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.11
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that is typical of free-flow motorway speeds to twice that speed
example: A speed in the range of 87 km/h and 198 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

high vehicle speed
type: Class
clause: 3.7.5.12
definition: speed (3.7.2.1) of a vehicle (3.7.1.1) that exceeds free flow motorway speeds by a factor of two or more
example: A speed in excess of 198 km/h.
note: Local regulations for the exact speed range vary.
subclass of: speed
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.1
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) meeting the requirements to operate within the driving space (3.3.1.4) of a road (3.3.5.1)
note: Unless indicated otherwise, the term typically refers to vehicles that are allowed to operate in the same driving spaces as motorized passenger (3.6.2.1) cars, according to the legal requirements of the local jurisdictional entity (3.1.1.1). However, the term can be contextualized for other environments (3.1.3.11). For example, a bicycle is a "road vehicle" when the "road" is a cycleway (3.3.3.2).
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

motorized vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.2
definition: self-propelled vehicle (3.7.1.1)
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

motor vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.3
definition: motorized (3.7.6.2) road vehicle (3.7.6.1) allowed to operate in the same driving spaces (3.3.1.4) as motorized passenger (3.6.2.1) cars
subclass of: road vehicle
subclass of: motorized vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

non-road vehicle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.4
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) not meeting the legal requirements to be driven in traffic lanes (3.3.1.13) or cycle lanes (3.3.3.1) of a road network (3.3.5.2)
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

road cycle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.5
definition: vehicle (3.7.1.1) meeting the legal requirements to operate in cycle lanes (3.3.3.1) and cycleways (3.3.3.2)
note: In some countries, other special lanes (3.3.1.12) could also be open to road cycles, such as bus lanes.
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

non-road cycle
type: Class
clause: 3.7.6.6
definition: human-powered vehicle (3.7.1.1) not meeting the legal requirements to be driven in cycle lanes (3.3.3.1)
subclass of: vehicle
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2022

payment means
type: Class
clause: 3.8.1.1
definition: financial instrument accepted by the service provider, that gives the user the right to use provided services
example: token, stored electronic account, fleet card, bank account, credit card, contract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: accepted by
  some values from: service provider
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025

payment mode
type: Class
clause: 3.8.1.2
alternative label: payment method
definition: timing and location of remuneration for services including whether the payment is required prior to, at the time of or post access to the service or commodity
example: pre-payment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: timing and location of remuneration to
  some values from: service provider
history note: Introduced in ISO/TS 14812:2025