ISO21972 Information technology — Upper level ontology for smart city indicators
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/citydata/21972/v1/1.1.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
creator: Created by Mark S. Fox (msf@eil.utoronto.ca).
description: **Archived import of iso21972.owl on 13-Jan-2021** Draft version of the ISO 21972 Ontology. Includes a subset of the GCI Foundation ontology by: Fox, M.S. (2015) “The Role of Ontologies in Publishing and Analyzing City Indicators”, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Vol. 54, pp. 266-279. Includes a subset of the OM ontology by: Rijgersberg, H., Wigham, M., and Top, J.L., (2011), “How Semantics can Improve Engineering Processes: A Case of Units of Measure and Quantities”, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 25, pp. 276-287. and the GovStat ontology by: Pattuelli, M.C., (2003), “The GovStat Ontology: Technical Report”. The GovStat Project, Integration Design Laboratory, School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, http://ils.unc.edu/govstat/papers/govstatontology.doc.
preferred namespace prefix: i72
preferred namespace uri: http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/ISO21972/iso21972#
version info: 0.1 8 November 2019
related documentation: ISO21972

base
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit exponentiation
range: unit of measure
alternative label: has base

base quantity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
domain: System of units
range: quantity
alternative label: has base quantity

base unit
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
domain: System of units
range: unit of measure
alternative label: has base unit

denominator
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
alternative label: has denominatot

derived quantity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
domain: System of units
range: quantity
alternative label: has derived quantity

measurement scale
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Application area
  union of: point
  union of: quantity
range: measurement scale
alternative label: has measurement scale

numerator
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
alternative label: has numerator

phenomenon
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: quantity
alternative label: has phenomenon

prefix
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit multiple or submultiple
range: prefix
alternative label: has prefix

singular unit
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit multiple or submultiple
range: Singular unit
alternative label: has singular unit

term 1
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit multiplication
range: unit of measure
alternative label: has term 1

term 2
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit multiplication
range: unit of measure
alternative label: has term 2

unit of measure
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Application area
  union of: cardinal scale
  union of: quantity
range: unit of measure
comment: For quantity classes this property indicates a commonly-used unit.
alternative label: has unit of measure

value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: iso21972ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: quantity
range: measure

exponent
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: iso21972DataProperties
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: unit exponentiation
range: integer
alternative label: has exponent

factor
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: iso21972DataProperties
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: prefix
range: decimal
alternative label: has factor

numerical value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: iso21972DataProperties
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: measure
  union of: point
alternative label: has numerical value

rank
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: iso21972DataProperties
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Ordered measurement scale category
range: integer
alternative label: has rank

cardinal scale
type: Class
subclass of: measurement scale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: element
  all values from: fixed point

Cardinality
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: cardinality of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population
comment: Cardinality of the Population. Note that there is no property that links Cardinality to a Variable.

Cardinality unit
type: Class
subclass of: Singular unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: unit of measure
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Cardinality scale

compound unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit of measure

DifferenceIndicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: term 1
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: term 2
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
comment: Difference between term_1 and term_2 (term_1 - term_2)

Distinct count
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distinct count of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population
comment: Distinct_count class that is a Parameter that represents the number of distinct values of a property of the members of a Population

fixed point
type: Class
subclass of: point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: definition
  all values from: Class
    union of: fixed point
    union of: measure
    union of: quantity

fixed zero point
type: Class
subclass of: fixed point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: numerical value
  has value: 0

Indicator
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for city
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: City
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for time interval
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: DateTimeInterval
description: An indicator is a quantity that is a ratio of a numerator and denominator that are also quantities. It has a city and time period associated with it. The numerator and denominator quantities can have different units of measure. One example of a unit of measure is the size of a population. A population_cardinality_unit is defined to be an individual of a Cardinality_unit that is a subclass of a Singular_unit.

interval scale
type: Class
subclass of: cardinal scale

Mean
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: mean of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population
disjoint with: Standard deviation
comment: Mean represents the mean value of a property all members of the Population have and is specified by the parameter_of_var property.

measure
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasUnit
  all values from: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: unit of measure
  all values from: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasUnit
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: unit of measure
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericalValue
  all values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: numerical value
  all values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericalValue
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: numerical value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
comment: A measure combines a number to a unit of measure or an interval or ratio scale. For example, "3 m" is a measure.

measurement scale
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
disjoint union of: interval scale
disjoint union of: nominal scale
disjoint union of: ordinal scale
disjoint union of: ratio scale
comment: Measurement scales are concepts used for the expression of quantities. Four types of measurement scales are: nominal scales, ordinal scales, interval scales and ratio scales. The latter two scales are also called cardinal scales. An example of a scale is the Celsius scale, a temperature scale.
alternative label: scale

nominal scale
type: Class
subclass of: measurement scale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: element
  all values from: Measurement scale category

Observation
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  all values from: Population
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Variable

ordinal scale
type: Class
subclass of: measurement scale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: element
  all values from: Ordered measurement scale category

Parameter
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: parameter of var
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Variable
comment: Parameter is the Class of all measures that can be made of a Population, both statistical, e.g., Mean, Starndard_devation, and others, e.g., Cardinality, Sum.

phenomenon
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
comment: A phenomenon is the qualitative object (e.g., food, star, molecule) that has quantifiable (standardized) aspects (e.g, length, mass, time).

point
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
comment: A point is an element of an interval scale or a ratio scale, for example, 273.16 on the Kelvin scale indicates the triple point of water thermodynamic temperature.

Population
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: defined by
  all values from: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: for time interval
  all values from: DateTimeInterval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is composed of
  all values from: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is described by
  all values from: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: definition
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Feature
description: The core class is the Population to be measured. A Population is linked to a parameter (e.g., mean, standard deviation, cardinality) by the is_described_by property, and the parameter is a sub class of Parameter. Depending on the subclass of Parameter, there is a reverse link back to the Population. parameter links back to the using cardinality_of. parameter links back using the property. parameter links back using the mean_of property.

prefix
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
disjoint union of: Binary prefix
disjoint union of: SI prefix
comment: A prefix is a name that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a decimal multiple or fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. For example, an electric current of 0.000 000 001 ampere is written by using the SI-prefix nano as 1 nanoampere or 1 nA.

quantity
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasUnit
  all values from: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasValue
  all values from: measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: unit of measure
  all values from: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: value
  all values from: measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasUnit
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasValue
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: unit of measure
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: measure
comment: A quantity is a representation of a quantifiable (standardized) aspect (such as length, mass, and time) of a phenomenon (e.g., a star, food, or a molecule). Quantities are classified according to similarity in (implicit) metrological aspect, e.g. the length of my speedboat and the length of my racing car are classified as length.

RatioIndicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denominator
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: numerator
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: unit of measure
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: unit division

ratio scale
type: Class
subclass of: cardinal scale

SI prefix
type: Class
subclass of: prefix

Sample
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is composed of
  all values from: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is described by
  all values from: Statistic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is part of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population

Standard deviation
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: std of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population

Sum
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: sum of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Population
comment: Sum defines the sum over a variable possessed by members of the Population.

SumIndicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: term 1
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: term 2
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: quantity
comment: Sum of term_1 and term_2 (term_1 + term_2)

unit division
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denominator
    cardinality: 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: numerator
    cardinality: 1
subclass of: compound unit

unit exponentiation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: base
    cardinality: 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: exponent
    cardinality: 1
subclass of: compound unit

unit multiple or submultiple
type: Class
subclass of: unit of measure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: definition
  all values from: Class
    union of: measure
    union of: quantity
    union of: unit of measure

unit multiplication
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: term 1
    cardinality: 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: term 2
    cardinality: 1
subclass of: compound unit

unit of measure
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
disjoint union of: Singular unit
disjoint union of: unit division
disjoint union of: unit exponentiation
disjoint union of: unit multiple or submultiple
disjoint union of: unit multiplication
comment: A unit of measure is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law. It is used as a standard for measurement of the same quantity, where any other value of the quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit of measure. For example, length is a quantity; the metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metre (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called "metre".
alternative label: unit
alternative label: unit of measurement

Variable
type: Class
subclass of: ISO21972Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is characteristic of
  all values from: Observation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has Name
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
comment: The property that is being measured in the population. Since Protege is not Full DL, cannot make the property a subclass of Variable, so have to specify it as a string name using has_Name.

cubic metre
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit exponentiation
base: metre
exponent: 3

fixed zero cardinality
type: NamedIndividual
type: point
numerical value: 0

giga
type: NamedIndividual
type: SI prefix
factor: 1000000000

gigapc
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit multiple or submultiple
prefix: giga
singular unit: population cardinality unit
symbol: gigapc

hecto kilo
type: NamedIndividual
type: SI prefix
factor: 100000

hecto kilo pc
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit multiple or submultiple
prefix: hecto kilo
singular unit: population cardinality unit
symbol: hecto_kilo_pc

kilo
type: NamedIndividual
type: SI prefix
factor: 1000

kilopc
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit multiple or submultiple
singular unit: population cardinality unit
symbol: kilopc

kilowatt
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit multiple or submultiple
prefix: kilo
singular unit: watt
symbol: kwh

kwh per pc
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit division
denominator: square metre
numerator: population cardinality unit
symbol: kwh_per_pc

kwh per square metre
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit division
denominator: square metre
numerator: kilowatt hour
symbol: kwh_per_m2

kwh per year
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit division
denominator: year
numerator: kilowatt
symbol: kwh_per_year

mega
type: NamedIndividual
type: SI prefix
factor: 1000000

megapc
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit multiple or submultiple
prefix: mega
singular unit: population cardinality unit
symbol: megapc

metre
type: NamedIndividual
type: Singular unit
symbol: m2

micro
type: NamedIndividual
type: SI prefix
factor: 0.000001

population cardinality unit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Cardinality unit
symbol: pc
description: population_cardinality_unit is depicted to be an instance of Cardinality_unit, which is the unit of measure for the cardinality of a set defined by a Population (defined in the next clause), and is associated with the symbol “pc”. For example, 1100pc represents a population cardinality (or size) of 1100. This document takes advantage of prefix notations to scale the numbers by defining units of measures: kilopc, megapc and gigapc, which are multiples of population_cardinality_unit. 1.1 kilopc represents 1100 pc.

population ratio unit
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit division
denominator: population cardinality unit
numerator: population cardinality unit
description: population_ratio_unit is defined to be an instance of Unit_division. It has two properties: • whose range is restricted to being a population_cardinality_unit; • whose range is restricted to being a population_cardinality_unit. In other words, a population ratio is the ratio of two population cardinalities (i.e., number of members/elements in each population)

square metre
type: NamedIndividual
type: unit exponentiation
base: metre
exponent: 2