within
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially within the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*F**F***
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

Geometry Collection
example: B.1.1.7
description: A collection of individual Geometries.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member
  all values from: Geometry
subclass of: Spatial Object Collection
type: Class

disjoint
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: disjoint
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

GeoJSON Literal
example: c-1-2-4- -geometry-serializations
description: A GeoJSON serialization of a Geometry object.
type: Datatype

equals
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: equals
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

touches
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially touches the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: meet
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

covered by
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*TFT**
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

Feature Collection
example: B.1.1.6
description: A collection of individual Features.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member
  all values from: Feature
subclass of: Spatial Object Collection
type: Class

meet
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: touches
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has volume
example: B.1.2.2
description: The volume of a three-dimensional Spatial Object.
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has size
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has area
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.4
description: The area of a Spatial Object.
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has size
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

GeoSPARQL Ontology
member: Spatial Object Collection
member: Spatial Object
member: Geometry Collection
member: Geometry
member: Feature Collection
member: Feature
member: has metric size
member: has volume in cubic meters
member: has area in square meters
member: has perimeter length in meters
member: has length in meters
member: has spatial accuracy in meters
member: has spatial resolution in meters
member: spatial dimension
member: is simple
member: is empty
member: has serialization
member: dimension
member: coordinate dimension
member: as DGGS
member: as KML
member: as GeoJSON
member: as WKT
member: as GML
member: has size
member: within
member: touches
member: overlaps
member: intersects
member: equals
member: disjoint
member: crosses
member: contains
member: tangential proper part inverse
member: tangential proper part
member: partially overlapping
member: non-tangential proper part inverse
member: non-tangential proper part
member: externally connected
member: disconnected
member: has spatial accuracy
member: has spatial resolution
member: has volume
member: has area
member: has perimeter length
member: has length
member: has centroid
member: has bounding box
member: has geometry
member: overlap
member: meet
member: inside
member: covers
member: covered by
member: has default geometry
member: default geometry
member: DGGS Literal
member: KML Literal
member: GeoJSON Literal
member: Well-known Text Literal
member: GML Literal
version IRI: 1.1
version info: 1.1.1 - 2026-02 - minor metadata changes to ensure Rainbow display 1.1 - version as originally published with GeoSPARQL 1.1
citation: http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/geosparql/1.1
copyright notice: (c) 2021 Open Geospatial Consortium
license: https://www.ogc.org/license
description: An RDF/OWL vocabulary for representing spatial information
replaces: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql/1.0
date issued: 2025-11-19
type: Ontology
preferred namespace prefix: geo
preferred namespace uri: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
creator: geosparql-swg
publisher: ogc
contributor: 0000-0003-1988-462X

as GeoJSON
example: B.1.2.4
description: The GeoJSON serialization of a Geometry
range: GeoJSON Literal
domain: Geometry
sub property of: has serialization
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has geometry
example: B.2
example: B.1.2.4
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
description: A spatial representation for a given Feature.
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.3.2

DGGS Literal
scope note: This datatype is not expected to be used directly but to serve as an abstract datatype for a series of specific DGGS literal types, for specific DGGS implementations
example: c-1-2-4- -geometry-serializations
example: "<https://w3id.org/dggs/auspix> OrdinateList (R3234)"^^<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#dggsLiteral>
description: A textual serialization of a Discrete Global Grid (DGGS) Geometry object.
type: Datatype

has spatial resolution
example: B.1.2.2
note: Spatial resolution specifies the level of detail of a Geometry. It the smallest distinguishable distance between spatially adjacent coordinates.
description: The spatial resolution of a Geometry.
domain: Geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has length
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.7
description: The length of a Spatial Object.
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has size
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

dimension
example: B.1.2.3
description: The topological dimension of this geometric object, which must be less than or equal to the coordinate dimension. In non-homogeneous collections, this will return the largest topological dimension of the contained objects.
range: integer
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has spatial accuracy
example: B.1.2.3
note: Spatial accuracy is applicable when a Geometry is used to represent a Feature. It is expressed as a distance that indicates the truthfullness of the positions (coordinates) that define the Geometry. In this case accuracy defines a zone surrounding each coordinate within wich the real positions are known to be. The accuracy value defines this zone as a distance from the coordinate(s) in all directions (e.g. a line, a circle or a sphere, depending on spatial dimension).
description: The positional accuracy of the coordinates of a Geometry.
domain: Geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has length in meters
example: B.1.2.2
description: The length of a Spatial Object in meters.
range: double
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has metric size
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

covers
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFT*FF*
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has metric size
description: Subproperties of this property are used to indicate the size of a Spatial Object, as a measurement or estimate of one or more dimensions of the Spatial Object's spatial presence. Units are always metric (meter, square meter or cubic meter).
range: double
domain: Spatial Object
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

Spatial Object
example: B.1.1.1.2
example: B.1.1.1.1
note: Subclasses of this class are expected to be used for instance data.
description: Anything spatial (being or having a shape, position or an extent).
type: Class

has spatial resolution in meters
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.6
note: Spatial resolution specifies the level of detail of a Geometry. It the smallest dinstinguishable distance between spatially adjacent coordinates.
description: The spatial resolution of a Geometry in meters.
range: double
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has area in square meters
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.1.2.9
example: B.1.1.2.3
description: The area of a Spatial Object in square meters.
range: double
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has metric size
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

is empty
example: B.1.2.3
description: (true) if this geometric object is the empty Geometry. If true, then this geometric object represents the empty point set for the coordinate space.
range: boolean
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has serialization
example: B.1.2.3
description: Connects a Geometry object with its text-based serialization.
range: Literal
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

inside
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*FFT**
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has perimeter length
example: B.1.1.1.2
description: The length of the perimeter of a Spatial Object.
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has size
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

overlap
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

externally connected
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFTTTTT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has centroid
example: B.1.2.2
scope note: The target Geometry shall describe a point, for example an instance of http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point.
description: The arithmetic mean position of all the Geometry points of a given Feature.
range: Geometry
domain: Feature
sub property of: has geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has perimeter length in meters
example: B.1.1.1.2
description: The length of the perimeter of a Spatial Object in meters.
range: double
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has metric size
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

coordinate dimension
example: B.1.2.3
description: The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the position of this Geometry in a coordinate system.
range: integer
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

tangential proper part inverse
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFTTFFT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

intersects
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is not spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T******** ^ *T******* ^ ***T***** ^ ****T****
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

as WKT
example: B.2.1
example: B.2.2.4
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.3.1
type: Property
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: Well-known Text Literal
description: The WKT serialization of a Geometry
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8

is simple
example: B.1.2.3
description: (true) if this geometric object has no anomalous geometric points, such as self intersection or self tangency.
range: boolean
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has size
note: The recommended way to specify size is by using a subproperty of hasMetricSize. Subproperties of hasSize can be used if more complex expressions are necessary, for example if the unit of length can not be converted to meter, or if additional data are needed to describe the measurement or estimate.
description: Subproperties of this property are used to indicate the size of a Spatial Object as a measurement or estimate of one or more dimensions of the Spatial Object's spatial presence.
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has spatial accuracy in meters
example: B.1.2.3
note: Spatial accuracy is applicable when a Geometry is used to represent a Feature. It is expressed as a distance that indicates the truthfullness of the positions (coordinates) that define the Geometry. In this case accuracy defines a zone surrounding each coordinate within wich the real positions are known to be. The accuracy value defines this zone as a distance from the coordinate(s) in all directions (e.g. a line, a circle or a sphere, depending on spatial dimension).
description: The positional accuracy of the coordinates of a Geometry in meters.
range: double
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

equals
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

KML Literal
example: c-1-2-4- -geometry-serializations
description: A KML serialization of a Geometry object.
type: Datatype

non-tangential proper part inverse
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFFTFFT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has bounding box
example: B.1.2.2
scope note: The target is a Geometry that defines a rectilinear region whose edges are aligned with the axes of the coordinate reference system, which exactly contains the Feature, for example an instance of http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#envelope.
description: The minimum or smallest bounding or enclosing box of a given Feature.
range: Geometry
domain: Feature
sub property of: has geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

tangential proper part
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTTFTTT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

contains
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFF*FF*
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

crosses
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially crosses the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T******
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

overlaps
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

Spatial Object Collection
note: This is the superclass of Feature Collection and Geometry Collection.
description: A collection of individual Spatial Objects.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member
  all values from: Spatial Object
subclass of: Container
type: Class

as GML
example: B.1.2.4
description: The GML serialization of a Geometry
range: GML Literal
domain: Geometry
sub property of: has serialization
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

has volume in cubic meters
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.9
description: The volume of a Spatial Object in cubic meters.
range: double
domain: Spatial Object
sub property of: has metric size
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

contains
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*****FF*
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

equals
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: equals
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

partially overlapping
description: States that the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTTTTTTT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

disconnected
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFFTTTT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

has default geometry
note: Duplicate properties defaultGeometry and hasDefaultGeometry exist because of an inconsistency between ontology and documentation in GeoSPARQL 1.0. Only hasDefaultGeometry is described in the documention.
equivalent property: default geometry
description: The default Geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is usually the most detailed Geometry.
range: Geometry
domain: Feature
sub property of: has geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

spatial dimension
example: B.1.2.3
description: The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the spatial position of this Geometry in a coordinate system.
range: integer
domain: Geometry
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

as DGGS
example: B.1.2.4
description: The Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) serialization of a Geometry
range: DGGS Literal
domain: Geometry
sub property of: has serialization
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

Geometry
example: B.1.2.4
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.1.3.2
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object
description: A coherent set of direct positions in space. The positions are held within a Spatial Reference System (SRS).
note: Geometry can be used as a representation of the shape, extent or location of a Feature and may exist as a self-contained entity.
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.3.1

disjoint
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
equivalent property: disjoint
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

Feature
example: B.1.2.4
example: B.1.2.3
example: B.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.3.3
example: B.1.1.3.2
example: B.1.1.2.9
example: B.1.1.2.8
example: B.1.1.2.7
type: Class
subclass of: Spatial Object
disjoint with: Geometry
description: A discrete spatial phenomenon in a universe of discourse.
note: A Feature represents a uniquely identifiable phenomenon, for example a river or an apple. While such phenomena (and therefore the Features used to represent them) are bounded, their boundaries may be crisp (e.g., the declared boundaries of a state), vague (e.g., the delineation of a valley versus its neighboring mountains), and change with time (e.g., a storm front). While discrete in nature, Features may be created from continuous observations, such as an isochrone that determines the region that can be reached by ambulance within 5 minutes.
example: B.1.1.2.1
example: B.1.1.2.2
example: B.1.1.2.3
example: B.1.1.2.4
example: B.1.1.2.5
example: B.1.1.2.6

as KML
example: B.1.2.4
description: The KML serialization of a Geometry
range: KML Literal
domain: Geometry
sub property of: has serialization
type: DatatypeProperty
type: Property

GML Literal
example: c-1-2-4- -geometry-serializations
description: A GML serialization of a Geometry object.
type: Datatype

default geometry
example: B.2.1
example: B.1.2.2
note: Duplicate properties defaultGeometry and hasDefaultGeometry exist because of an inconsistency between ontology and documentation in GeoSPARQL 1.0. Only hasDefaultGeometry is described in the documention.
equivalent property: has default geometry
description: The default Geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is usually the most detailed Geometry.
range: Geometry
domain: Feature
sub property of: has geometry
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property

Well-known Text Literal
example: c-1-2-4- -geometry-serializations
description: A Well-known Text serialization of a Geometry object.
type: Datatype

non-tangential proper part
description: States that the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTFFTTT
range: Spatial Object
domain: Spatial Object
type: ObjectProperty
type: Property